Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder - 847 Words

Participants Data as collected for 18 children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder ranging from ages 3;0 to 3;11. There were eight males and eight females who participated in the study and each child was match on both gender and severity of autism and randomly placed in the ABA therapy group, the Floortime therapy group, or the control group. Each child received a diagnosis of an ASD using the DSM-V criteria by a qualified, independent Speech-Language Pathologist from the community prior to entry into the study. These children had no prior exposure to therapy programs and did not receive outside services during the enrollment of the study. Setting Assessments and therapy sessions took place in university clinic room that was equipped with two child-sized tables, two child-sized chairs, and a toy shelf with a variety of age appropriate toys that were designed to promote play for children at a variety of developmental levels. Each session was videotaped for later scoring, with a video camera in view of the child and experimenter. Materials present at various points throughout the assessment were books, play sets such as a farm or school bus, puzzles, cars, simple cause-and-effect toys like a ball spinner or jack-in-the-box pop-up toys, shape sorters, blocks, etc. Assessment All participants were assessed using a part of the ESAT as described in part in MacDonald et al (2006). This direct observational assessment measures performance on several core developmental skillsShow MoreRelatedChildren With Autism Spectrum Disorder1502 Words   |  7 Pagesby a disorder that affects the very things we need to fit in to society. The ability to be able to fit in, communicate and behave in proper ways, allows us to function, work and survive in life. For many children and adults, they live with a disorder that dictates these behaviors and language skills to be very different from the average American. These skills they are challenged with, make it very difficult to live independently. The disorder these individuals live with is called Autism SpectrumRead MoreChildren With Autism Spectrum Disorder1125 Words   |  5 PagesIn the last decade, the rate of autism has experienced a dramatic increase (Gerber 1). There used to be a speculation of an apparent correlati on between the numbers of vaccines children receive and the increase of autism. A predominant controversy regarding vaccinations was whether or not one of the side effects of vaccines is Autism Spectrum Disorder. The probability of vaccines in children resulting in autism was challenged by various researchers from around the world has proven to be untrue (GerberRead MoreChildren With Autism Spectrum Disorder Essay2241 Words   |  9 PagesAbstract Siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder have received little Research attention historically, with most family studies focusing on either the child with the illness/disorder or the parents. More recently, research has identified that these children may need support in their own right, yet little published research is reported to inform this support. The aim of this systematic review was to identify the extent to which siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder facing psychosocialRead MoreChildren With Autism Spectrum Disorder993 Words   |  4 PagesNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Autism is defined as a spectrum disorder (ASD). It refers to a wide range of complex neurodevelopment conditions characterized by repetitive and distinctive patterns of behavior and difficulties with social skills, communication, and interaction. The symptoms start from early childhood and affect daily functioning. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ( CDC) approximates ASD’s prevalence as 1 in 68 children in the United States.  The DiagnosticRead MoreChildren With Autism Spectrum Disorder1796 Words   |  8 PagesParenting Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Doctors diagnose one in sixty-eight children with Autism Spectrum Disorder every day. Autism Spectrum Disorder is a developmental disorder that affects children’s social skills, communication skills, and their behavior. The symptoms of ASD range from moderate to severe and vary from each child. Raising typical children is difficult, but raising children with disabilities adds to the stress of parenting. There is a strain on parents who have children withRead MoreChildren With Autism Spectrum Disorder949 Words   |  4 PagesAutism Spectrum Disorder is a frightening diagnosis for most families that can bring with it fears of an uncertain future. Support for children with autism and their families is essential because it isn t something that children will just grow out of. It is a life-long condition, but the right treatment, support and care can create a positive outcome for everyone concerned. Diagnosis Early diagnosis is the most important thing you can do to help your child, as it is the first step in understandingRead MoreChildren With Autism Spectrum Disorder869 Words   |  4 Pageswith children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD) experiences more stress than the typical family without a children with ASD. A previous research study by Baker-Ericzen, Brookman-Frazee Stahmer(2005, p. 194) supports this statement, â€Å"Both parents of children with ASD report higher levels of both parent and child related stress juxtaposed with parents of typically developing toddlers†. In order to comprehend the information of the study, one must understand what autism spectrum disorder is. AutismRead MoreChildren With Autism Spectrum Disorder1493 Words   |  6 Pagestwo million individuals are affected by autism in the United States and it is one of the fastest growing disorders but with very much research being put behind it. Autism can tend to be one of the most confusing and stressful disorders but yet it is still able to be coped with lots of patience. Imagine being put down or not given an opportunity deserved because of something that is out of one’s control, more specifically children with autism spectrum disorder. Parents have a huge role in preparingRead MoreChildren With Autism Spectrum Disorder2302 Words   |  10 Pagesof all children. Children play for many reasons including learning, exercise, stimulation, and for pure entertainment. They are learning and exploring the world around them by testing out ideas and just having fun playing wit h simple objects. However, like language, play is a skill that develops in stages. As a child gradually learns to understand the world around him or her, they begin to play and learn by engaging in exploratory and manipulative play. This is no different for children withRead MoreChildren With Autism Spectrum Disorder853 Words   |  4 Pageswise) (Green, S., Davis, C., Karshmer, E., Marsh, P., Straight, B, 2005) Autism spectrum disorder pose greater threat to the family because of many reasons like the child with autism spectrum disorder is likely to be accompanied by disruptive antisocial behaviour. Second for the parents the process of make an accurate diagnosis and obtaining treatment is often a frustrating experience. Third after the diagnoses of the disorder the proper access to the services available for the child and family is

Domestic Violence A Part Of Culture - 1498 Words

To this day, domestic violence is seen to be a part of culture in many countries. Some people view domestic violence as unjust and cruel, yet many see it as a form of power and control over another. Domestic violence plays a key role in different societies around the world as it is becoming a social norm. Domestic violence frequently begins when one partner feels the need to control the other. This feeling is sprouted from several factors such as jealousy, low self-esteem, and difficulties in regulating one’s emotions and anger, or when one feels inferior because of his or her education or socioeconomic background (Goldsmith). Researchers state that men with tradition beliefs tend to think they have power over women and that they are inferior to men, which is followed by many stereotypes today. Stereotypes about the â€Å"proper† roles in society differ between men and women due to the cultural beliefs that men are superior which is evident in many family structures aro und the world. These stereotypes â€Å"reinforce the view that the family is a self-contained unit, deserving privacy at the expense of other rights and freedoms† (Minnesota Advocates for Human Rights). Traditionally, women are downgraded to inferior positions in this family structure; however, for victims of domestic violence, this idea of family privacy interferes with operative police involvement and prosecutorial decisions in domestic violence cases. In many countries, people who are interviewed report that theShow MoreRelatedConsequences of Popular Culture1060 Words   |  5 PagesConsequences of Popular Culture A Consequence can be defined as, Something that logically or naturally follows from an action or condition. In this matter we are referring to the consequences of Pop Culture towards violence. Violence in general has one meaning, an act of aggression. We will be examining three types of violence in our culture, Domestic violence, Youth violence, and of course Gun violence. We feel that all three of these types of violence have increased in today s society asRead MoreDomestic Violence : South Africa1709 Words   |  7 PagesDomestic Violence in South Africa Love is looked upon as a beautiful thing but within beauty lies darkness in South Africa. There is an unspoken violence against women going on within the communities of south Africa that is now coming to light; domestic violence. Husbands, not strangers or men with guns, are now the biggest threat to women in post-conflict South Africa, according to a report by the International Rescue Committee. Attacked beaten, abused, killed these are sometimes words to describeRead MoreThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On The United States1634 Words   |  7 Pageshuman culture provides us with a look into other cultures from an up-close and distinct perspective, which allows us to better understand their culture and way of life. Taking an objective look at another culture without being somewhat biased can be a difficult task. This being the case, we must examine culture by using emic and etic perspectives. An emic perspective is an insider views; observing the culture from within the culture it self. An etic perspective is an outsider’s view of a culture; evaluatingRead MoreDomestic Violence And Sexual Violence Essay1624 Words   |  7 PagesDomestic violence, also labeled as family violence and intimate-partner violence, is psychological, physical and sexual violence that takes place within home environment. Adults and children can both be victims. Domestic violence is a major human rights issue across the world, and one of New Zealand’s most serious social issues. One in three women in Aotearoa will experience an abusive relationship, with many more coming dangerously close. Reason Domestic violences occurs when the abuser wantingRead MoreThe Connection Between Culture And Violent Behavior1360 Words   |  6 PagesUnit 8 DB 1 Introduction Women all over the world tend to fall victims to domestic violence especially women from other cultures who now find themselves in a world where domestic violence is not ever excepted as the norm. This can cause issues with in the family unit, especially if the women, or girls decide to conform to the American ways. Some cultures allow for their women to be beaten, stone, or raped and the women are at a lost, because there is no help, but by reading the below articles oneRead MoreIntimate Partner Violence And Sexual Relationships1379 Words   |  6 PagesIntimate Partner Violence One of the biggest problems that have been happening in some households over the last numbers of years is intimate partner violence (IPV). IPV has been identified as a world-wide public health concern (Kulwicki and Miller, 1999). The term intimate partner violence has been defined as the physical, emotional, verbal, or sexual abuse between a person and their spouse, this includes cohabitation and marriage. This type of violence will usually involve harm/control from oneRead MoreThe Problem Of Domestic Violence860 Words   |  4 PagesThis research paper is design to help us understand how much of a problem that domestic violence is. This data used in this research was gather from numerous sources including journals, articles and a book. The purpose of using this data from the resources breakdown the components how the police culture and domestic violence operate on the same level on independence without any repercussions or interference the research also looks the responses of Honol ulu Police department and how its policies andRead MoreDomestic Violence : The United States Department Of Justice1741 Words   |  7 PagesDomestic violence is a single act or a pattern of cruel acts in any relationship that a partner uses to get or keep power and control over another partner. The violence can be sexual, physical, economic, emotional, or psychological actions or threats of actions that impacts another person. Any actions that manipulate, intimidate, isolate, humiliate, terrorize, frighten, threaten, coerce, hurt, blame, wound, or injure someone can be domestic violence (The United States Department of Justice). OtherRead MoreViolence Theory And Gender Role Theory942 Words   |  4 PagesThe violence that surrounds homes can be summarized in the culture of violence theory and gender-role theory. The culture of violence theory looks at the broad acceptance of violence in our society and concludes that its acceptance is the foundation for violence within the family. Gender-role theory blames the traditional socialization of children into gender roles. Domestic violence plays a huge part in which parent will have custody of minor children. The culture of violence that is presentedRead MoreThe Violence And Its Effects On The Lives Of Contemporary Native Generations Essay1400 Words   |  6 Pages At the center of Indigenous discourse lies the worrisome subject of suicide. Deeply embedded in Native culture, suicide has come to represent a reminder of a cruel past tainted by violent colonialism. Via inhumane assimilation practices colonialists both directly and indirectly scarred and continue to scar members of the Indigenous community. Trough post traumatic stress mechanism many trauma survivors have and continue to pass their traumatic experiences to subsequent generations. Unintentionally

Symbolism in English Literature Free Essays

string(31) " upright as a bolt Out of bow\." Archetypal figures present in Chaucer’s â€Å"The Miller’s Tale† By Jose Luis Guerrero Cervantes According to Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung, an archetype is a symbolic formula that begins to work wherever there are no conscious ideas present. They are innate universal psychic dispositions that form the substrate from which the basic themes of human life emerge[1]. The archetype is experienced in projections, powerful affect images, symbols, moods, and behavior patterns such as rituals, ceremonials and love. We will write a custom essay sample on Symbolism in English Literature or any similar topic only for you Order Now Jung[2] compared the archetype, the pre-formed tendency to create images, to a dry river bed. Rain gives form and direction to the flow, we name the river, but it is never a thing located in any place, it is a form but never the same, it is always changing but it is still a river. Following this analogy, the archetype would be the dry river bed that motivates and modifies our conscious understanding of ourselves and the world (the water of the river) from which emotions, attitudes and ideas arise. It is possible to track the use of archetypes in universal literature, according to Joseph Campbell[3], from the origins of human civilization. Archetypes help Chaucer to his main purpose when writing The Canterbury Tales: to reflect on the personal concerns and solutions of the evolving medieval society of his time. Characters with strong archetypal features has an automatically and unconsciously effect in the reader’s mind, allowing his mind to recognize experiences, emotions, and typical patterns of behavior, establishing a â€Å"dialog† or â€Å"unconscious link† between the reader and the text. The purpose of the present essay will be to identify such archetypal characters and situations and their impact in the reader’s psyche. [4] It is possible to recognize in Nicholas’ behavior elements that match with the archetype of the â€Å"Trickster†. In mythology, and in the study of folklore and religion, a trickster is a god, goddess, spirit, man, woman, or anthropomorphic animal that plays tricks or, otherwise, disobeys normal rules and conventional behavior[5]. In modern literature, the classical figure of the trickster survives as a character not necessarily supernatural or divine, but as a clever, mischievous man or creature, who tries to survive the dangers and challenges of the world using trickery and deceit as defense. For example, many typical fairy tales present kings who want to find the best man for his daughter by setting a trial to obtain the hand of his daughter. Brave knights are not able to overcome the trial until a poor and simple peasant comes. Armed only with his wits and cleverness, instead of fighting, he evades or fools the obstacles between him and the desired object. This way, the most unlikely candidate passes the trials and receives the reward. One example of this character in English Literature is Shakespeare’s Bassanio in The Merchant of Venice who, in order to marry Portia, must pass a trial set by Portia’s father. In this case, Nicholas is described similarly to this archetype: This lad was known as Nicholas the Gallant, And making love in secret was his talent, For he was very close and sly, and took Advantage of his meek and girlish look[6]. Nicholas is characterized as somebody whose main attributes are not physical strength or economic power, but cleverness in managing the weak points of people for his own benefit (expressed in the words â€Å"talent†, â€Å"sly†, â€Å"took advantage†) hidden under a humble figure (expressed in the word â€Å"meek†). Here it is possible to identify the breaking of conventional behavior that it is proper of the classical tradition when it is said that Nicholas makes love â€Å"in secret†. In addition, in order to gain Alison, he must figure out a trick, otherwise, both might die if caught together. Alison’s behavior, on the other hand, shows characteristics that matches with the â€Å"Anima† archetype developed at the level of â€Å"Eve†. The Anima and Animus, in Carl Jung’s school of analytical psychology, are the unconscious or true inner self of an individual, as opposed to the outer aspect of personality. In the unconscious part of men’s mind, it finds expression in a feminine inner personality. Anima, in contrast, is in the unconscious of women and it is expressed as a masculine inner personality. It can be identified as the totality of the unconscious feminine psychological qualities that a male possesses; or the masculine ones possessed by the female. The positive anima qualities of a man are tenderness, patience, consideration, kindness and compassion; then the negative anima qualities of a man are vanity, moodiness, bitchiness, and easily hurt feelings[7]. Jung believed anima development has four distinct levels, which he named Eve, Helen, Mary, and Sophia. Eve level is named for the Genesis account of Adam and Eve. It deals with the emergence of a male’s object of desire, yet simultaneously generalizes all females as evil and powerless. This means that when an object of desires arises, the archetype shows an opposite behavior from that she had shown previously[8]. In the preliminary description of Alison, Chaucer describes Alison (with ecstasy and accuracy) this way: She was a fair young wife, her body as slender As any weasel’s, and as soft and tender; She used to wear a girdle of striped silk; Her apron was as white as morning milk Over her loins, all gusseted and pleated. White was her smock; embroidery repeated Its pattern on the collar, front and back, Inside and out; it was of silk, and black. The tapes and ribbons of her milky mutch Were made to march her collar to a touch; She wore a broad silk fillet, rather high, And certainly she had a lecherous eye. And she had plucked her eyebrows into bows, Slenderly arched they were, and black as sloes; And a more truly blissful sight to see She as than blossom on a cherry-tree, [†¦] Her mouth was sweet as mead or honey –say A hoard of apples lying in the hay. Skittish she was, and jolly as a colt, Tall as a mast and upright as a bolt Out of bow. You read "Symbolism in English Literature" in category "Papers" [†¦] She was a daisy, O a lollypop For any nobleman to take to bed Or some good man of yeoman stock to wed. [9] Everything in her is lovely. Chaucer centers his attention on the physical description and little is said about her character. However, the adjectives â€Å"skittish†, â€Å"jolly†, â€Å"tall† and â€Å"upright† describe her as someone irreproachable in any sense. After she falls in love with Alison, all the marvelous image of Alison disappears when she decides to play a cruel joke to Absalon: Absalon started wiping his mounth dry. Dark was the night as pitch, as black as coal, And at the window out she put her hole, And Absalon, so fortune framed the farce, Put up his mouth and kissed her naked arse Most savorously before he knew of this. [10] As it can be observed, Alison’s attitude changes dramatically after meeting Nicholas (the object of desire). This desire unleashes those feelings that are the negative counterpart of the male â€Å"Animus†. â€Å"Eve† development of â€Å"Anima† helps to generalize all women as evil, and Alison attitude towards Absalon reinforces this belief. John represents the archetypal of â€Å"The Child† in the developed degree of â€Å"The abandoned†. In Jungian psychology, it refers to an instinctual pattern of thought or symbolic imagery derived from the past collective experience (Jung referred to this as â€Å"the collective unconscious†), and present in the individual unconscious. We were all children at one time and we can remember the freedom of being a child, the unconditional love we received from our parents, the spontaneous laughter, how we innocently accepted things as they were and let our imaginations run wild. All those experiences left a mark in the unconscious and arise under certain conditions. In this case, the condition is the fear of losing Alison what makes this feeling to arise[11]. The Abandoned (Orphaned) Child archetype can easily be seen in characters like Dorothy in the Wizard of Oz or Oliver in Oliver Twist. The fear of losing a caretaker and the feeling of vulnerability makes the character to proceed in a blind, precipitously way. Jealous he was and kept her in the cage, For he was old and she was wild and young; He thought himself quite likely to be stung. It is possible to notice here that John’s fear for losing Alison makes him to keep her out of the sight of the rest, â€Å"in the cage†. Nicholas takes advantage of this fear and uses it to deceive him in a childish way. ‘This world’ he said, ‘in just about and hour, Shall all be drowned, it’s such a hideous shower, And all mankind, with total loss of life’. The carpenter exclaimed, ‘Alas, my wife! My little Alison! Is she to drown? ’ And in his grief he very near fell down. As it was explained before, innocence is a mark of our childhood, and here innocence is incarnated by John. Absalon represents the archetype of the â€Å"Shadow†. In Jungian psychology, the shadow or â€Å"shadow aspect† is a part of the unconscious mind consisting of repressed weaknesses, shortcomings, and instincts. It is a link to the most primitive animal instincts, which are superseded during early childhood by the conscious mind. According to Jung, the shadow, in being instinctive and irrational, is prone to project: turning a personal inferiority into a perceived moral deficiency in someone else. It is the link to the most primitive animal instincts that are superseded during early childhood by the conscious mind, like the survival instinct. Absalon plans his vengeance for the cruel joke played on him and reacts in a even more violent way than his aggressors: Said Absalon, all set to make a launch, ‘Speak, pretty bird, I know not where thou art! ’ This Nicholas at once let fly a fart As loud as if it were a thunder-clap. He was near blinded by the blast, poor chap, But his iron was ready; with a thump He mote him in the middle of the rump. This way, Absalon fulfills his vengeance by recalling his most instinctive, irrational feelings. In the situations present in the tale it is also possible to identify two archetypal situations: â€Å"The Task† and â€Å"The love Triangle†. â€Å"The Task† is that situation in which a character is required to perform a task that will restore balance. It is commonly found n literature in the situations like to save a kingdom, to win the fair lady, the identification of the hero so he may reassume his rightful position, etc[12]. Examples of this archetypal situation in English literature are when Arthur pulls Excalibur from the stone or when Beowulf slays Grendel. In this case, the task set for Nicholas is to consume his union with Alison using his cleverness to deceive his husband who has her â€Å"in a cage†. The reader is not told about the plan, so the reader and the fooled characters go hand-in-hand in the discovery and the development of the plan, holding the attention of the reader. The â€Å"love triangle† works in a similar way than â€Å"The task†, however the task appeals to the â€Å"logos† of the reader, while the â€Å"love triangle† appeals to the â€Å"ethos†. In addition, â€Å"the love triangle† works as the counterpart of the â€Å"Requited Love†, which is used to enhance the nobler feelings of human nature: sacrifice, loyalty, friendship, fidelity, etc. The â€Å"love triangle† enhances rivalry, fight, deceit, infidelity, etc[13]. It is possible to observe how the love triangle made Nicholas to figure out an ingenious trick to have sex with the John’s wife (infidelity), the showing of the darkest side of pure Alison, the wrath of easygoing Absalon, and the showing of the dumbest side of John. It is possible to conclude, after all this analysis that â€Å"The Miller’s Tale†, as the whole Canterbury Tales, explores the nature of human being life and behavior of the people of his time, making the reader to do an introspective view of his own life. The characters of â€Å"The Miller’s tale† are very likely to common people, functioning as a mirror in which society can see itself. The empathy that Chaucer is able to establish between the characters, their situations and the readers is possible because he appeals to those universal characteristics that human beings seem to share beyond race, distance, culture and time. These pre-figured behavior, or archetype, causes an unconscious reaction on the reader, putting them in the same, Jung would say, â€Å"psychogenetic frequency†. Therefore, it possible to explain why the Canterbury Tales is a universal piece of work: because it will never lose validity. It appeals to values and characteristics that do not seem to change in time, since it is possible to identify them in the universal literature of all times. BIBLIOGRAPHY Brunel, Pierre. Companion to Literary Myths, Heroes and Archetypes. New York. Routledge. 1992. Chaucer, Geoffrey. The Canterbury Tales. Translated by Nevill Coghill. Penguin. London. Penguin. 2003. Franz, Marie-Louise von. Archetypal Patterns in Fairy Tales. Toronto. Inner City. 1997. Herz, Sarah K. , and Donald R. Gallo. From Hinton to Hamlet: Building Bridges Between Young Adult Literature and the Classics. 2nd ed. Westport. Greenwood. 2005. Holman, C. Hugh, and William Harmon. A Handbook to Literature. 6th ed. New York. Macmillan. 1992. Johnson, Terry D. , and Daphne R. Louis. Bringing It All Together. Portsmouth. Heinemann. 1997. Joseph Campbell. The hero with a thousand faces. California. New World Library. 2003. Jung, C. G. The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious. Princeton. Bollingen. 1981. Jung, C. G. â€Å"Phenomenology of the Self† in The Portable Jung. New York. Penguin. 1976. Stevens, Anthony. â€Å"The archetypes† in The Handbook of Jungian Psychology. Renos. Papadopoulos. 2006. ———————– [1] Anthony Stevens. â€Å"The archetypes† in The Handbook of Jungian Psychology. Renos. Papadopoulos. 2006. p. 20. [2] C. G. Jung, The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious. , Princeton. Bollingen. 1981. p. 9. [3] Joseph Campbell. The hero with a thousand faces. California. New World Library. 2003. p. 23. [4] C. G. Jung. â€Å"Phenomenology of the Self† in The Portable Jung. New York. Penguin. 1976. p. 147 [5] C. G. Jung. Op. cit. p. 18 [6]Geoffrey Chaucer. The Canterbury Tales. Translated by Nevill Coghill. Penguin. London: Penguin. 2003. p. 89. [7] C. G. Jung. Op. cit. 19. [8]. Idem. p. 20. [9] Geoffrey Chaucer. Op. cit. 90. [10] Ibid. p. 103. [11] C. G. Jung. Op. cit. p. 29. [12] Marie-Louise von Franz. Archetypal Patterns in Fairy Tales. Toronto: Inner City, 1997. p. 107. [13] Ibid. p. 89. How to cite Symbolism in English Literature, Papers

Origin Energy Climate Change Economics

Question: Discuss about theOrigin Energy forClimate Change Economics. Answer: Introduction: The climate change is an issue which is shaping the government policy regulations in most of the countries. The government of Australia had imposed a carbon tax before 2012 which had a short-term effect on the heavy polluters of Australia. The Direct Action Plan introduced by the Coalition government of the country has increased the competition among the companies by cutting their emission levels. According to Nyberg, Spicer and Wright (2013), these organizations are looking more for renewable energies in order to reduce greenhouse gas emission. This increases the importance of companies like Origin Energy who are producing renewable energy and related product and services. The report regards to the effects of the government policies on the organization, its risks and opportunities in the climate changing scenario, and the strategies which can help the organization to flourish. About the Sector: MacCallum, Byrne and Steele (2014), stated that the renewable energy sector of Australia is a substitute for non-renewable energy sources of the country. The objective of this sector is to protect the natural resources which are scarce and reduce pollution caused by the energy consumption incorporates the consumption of electricity, fuels for transport, and thermal energy. The total renewable energy consumed by the citizens of Australia in 2015 is 5.9 percent of the country's total energy consumption. It is 1.6 percent greater than 2011-12 levels. 61.1 percent of the country's renewable energy consumption comes from bioenergy. As stated by Gurran, Norman, and Hamin (2013), the countrys authorities have encouraged renewable energy by introducing energy policies. The main concern of these policies is to address climate changes, energy independence, and a stimulus for the economy. The sector gets its revised target of producing renewable energy from the prescribed policies of the government. The industry consists many large and small scale renewable energy suppliers devoted to the mission given by the government. The government of Australia is looking for more private and public sector investments in this industry with the objective of making renewable energy the primary source of energy. Appropriation of efficient techniques to reduce greenhouse gasses has been made mandatory by the government to reduce the impacts of climate change. Impact of Climate Change on Origin Energy: According to Fnfgeld and McEvoy (2014), the impact of climate change is havoc on the world. Climate change is causing a rise in sea level, increasing risks in the food chain, and much more harmful impacts on the planet. There exists a negative correlation between the climate change and common well being of most of the world. In the case of the Origin Energy, the predicted impacts of climate change are causing increased demand for the company's products. The present usage of nonrenewable energy is reducing the supply for future needs. This aspect is increasing the demand for renewable energy sources, of which Origin Energy is a huge name in Australia. According to Webb (2015), climate changes will increase the usage of electricity and other energy resources. Accompanied by the increasing demand and decreasing supply of energy the need for Origin Energy will rise rapidly. The climate change in the form of increasing temperature, precipitation, and sea level rise will inversely affect t he general health, agriculture, forests, and water resources. Al these impacts affect the Origin Energy in a positive way by increasing the demand for the goods and services produced by it. Differences Between Carbon Tax and Direct Action Plan and their effect on Origin Energy: According to Jotzo (2012), the Carbon tax is commonly known as the carbon pricing in Australia was introduced in 2011 and was implemented in the year 2012. It was proposed by the Gillard Labor Government as the Clean Energy Act. It was revoked in the year 2014. Due to the short existence, the organizations operating in Australia took it in an informal manner. The act was backed by minimum investment due to this short period. Hence, it can be concluded that the impact of the carbon tax was lesser than it was expected. The main objective of this Act was to ensure that the emission of greenhouse gasses, such as carbon dioxide had to be purchased from the government regarding carbon units by the organizations in order to operate in the Australian market. The aim of the regulation was to reduce greenhouse gas emission in the country by 5 percent by the year 2020 and below 80 percent by the year 2050. As stated by Head et al. (2012), it was believed that this rule would increase efficiency in the companies which are heavy greenhouse gas emitters. The act was applied to the industrial sector at the prime stage. The transport and agricultural sector were not under this act. As stated by Robson (2014), the coalition government of Australia has replaced the Labor Governments Carbon Tax policy with their Direct Action Plan. The fund for emission reduction is budgeted to cost $3 billion over four years. The common target of both the plans is to reduce the emission of the greenhouse gas to 5 percent below 2000, by the year 2020. While the carbon tax policy made the polluters pay for the amount of pollution they create, the Direct Action Plan makes the organization compete to win tenders which will provide them payments for undertaking emission reduction projects. The process is like a reverse auction, where the organizations undercut each other to win the tenders. The auctions take pace quarterly. According to the government of Australia, this is the most efficient way to reduce emissions. The projects given by the organizations have to follow two ground rules set by the government, the emission reductions must be additional measures and not just business-as -usual, the reduction estimates must be credible and verified. The projects costing the least will be considered by the government. In the case of not reaching the targets set by the government, the funds will not get in the future. The achievements will b compared to other countries. The industry of renewable energy has a new target set by the Direct Action Plan of reaching 20 percent by the year 2020. The Labor Party of Australia has supported the target. The government also created a fund to give solar panel rebates to low-income households. According to Martin and Rice (2012), due to the short existence of Carbon Tax Act, the impact of it on the renewable sector as a whole was insignificant. The informal behavior by the polluters had almost no effects on the sector and the organization. On the other hand, the Direct Action Plan has created a competition among the polluters by giving them an incentive to compete in reducing their emissions to win the tenders. This increases the demand for renewable energy sources and products. As a result, the demand for the products and services of Origin Energy increases. The increase in demand for these products and services are directly related to the degree of competition among the polluters, which is fierce due to the government policy regulations. Hence, it can be concluded that the Direct Action Plan is more significant in increasing the demand for renewable energy and related products and reducing emissions. Identification of Risks and Opportunities for Origin Energy: Risks: The organization Origin Energy identifies all the risks related to people, assets, financial objectives, reputation, customers, and the environment. With the degrading situation of the environment and change in climate the health issues has increased rapidly threatening the people of Australia (OriginEnergy 2016). This is counted as a risk by the organization as it affects the customer domain of it. Any blow to the people of the country has a negative impact on the asset situation of the organization. The degradation of natural resources also adversely affects the organization making it a risk factor. Being an organization running on profits, the financial aspects of the company is a concern to its board members. The objective of the company being, helping a social cause, the financial stability is a vital issue for the company. As stated by Freeman and Hancock (2016), the climate change has the potential to harm the financial interests of the organization. The reputation of the orga nization lies in the hand of the company's employees and helping the government in achieving its environmental goals. The Australian government not being able to meet the targets even with the help of Origin Energy is a risk for the reputation of the company. The customers' demographic of the company is changing over time. With the government's new inclusive programs more people are able to afford the services of Origin Energy. A sudden discontinuation of the government subsidy can affect the customer domain of the company which will, in turn, affect the financial status. Opportunities: According to Strengers (2012), energy has many scopes and opportunities to increase its business all over the country, as the laws and regulations are currently for the renewable energy sector. The company can increase its opportunities by increasing the general awareness of the energy situation in Australia. The consumers of the organization's products have the benefits in the form of rebates given by the government, which also adds value to the company's opportunities. With the rising change in the climate of the world and drying up non-renewable energy sources, the demand for the products of Origin Energy is increasing rapidly. Ekstrm (2015), the company has to use this situation for the benefit of the company. The company can either follow a profit maximization policy or a revenue maximization policy. Profit maximization is possible in the given situation, but it incorporates ethical issues. It leaves Origin Energy with the ethical and beneficial choice of revenue maximization th is in turn, also helps the needs of the environment of the country. Strategies for Origin Energy: Origin Energy has to follow revenue maximization policies to ensure ethical and beneficial production process. This will help the company to edge the rival companies. By producing more and reaching to more customers, the company can increase its market share. With the constant changes in the environment and the technology, the company can use the upgraded technology in the production process to increase efficiency and quality of the products and services. The company can implement the strategy of research and development. Investing in research and development will ensure better answers for the existing problems within and outside the organization. The company can hold some awareness programs on climate change and energy resources in order to educate the consumers and potential clients. The need of the organizations products can increase with increasing awareness among people (Reser et al. 2012). The company can make deals with the government of Australia to help the government reach its goals. This can ensure the company getting help from the government. The organization has the potential of updating its business model to ensure more growth. This phenomenon will help the organization to sustain in the long run. Improvement in the business model with keeping in mind the requirements of the governments laws for the environment will increase the companys market share in Australia (Burton 2014). Origin Energy can use its resources to produce variety kinds of products targeting specific consumers from the different geographical background. This strategy will help the company to expand (Arif, Oo and Ali 2013). Making deals for signing in new subsidiaries will reduce the cost of production for the organization. This way the Origin Energy can increase the quantity and quality of its products. Conclusion: With the rapid climate change, the need for organizations creating products and services which help to reduce the use of non-renewable energy is increasing. This increase is followed by several policy measures taken by the government of Australia. The Origin Energy is one of the big names in the renewable energy sector of Australia. The carbon tax act implemented by the Labor Government of Australia had no significant effect on the Origin Energy as the polluters took it more informally due to its short existence. On the other hand, the Direct Plan Action has started a competition among the emitters giving an incentive for reducing their emission. This helps the renewable sector where the Origin Energy operates by increasing the demand for their products and services. References: Arif, M.T., Oo, A.M. and Ali, A.B.M., 2013. Investigation of energy storage systems, its advantage and requirement in various locations in Australia. Journal of Renewable Energy, 2013. 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