Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder - 847 Words

Participants Data as collected for 18 children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder ranging from ages 3;0 to 3;11. There were eight males and eight females who participated in the study and each child was match on both gender and severity of autism and randomly placed in the ABA therapy group, the Floortime therapy group, or the control group. Each child received a diagnosis of an ASD using the DSM-V criteria by a qualified, independent Speech-Language Pathologist from the community prior to entry into the study. These children had no prior exposure to therapy programs and did not receive outside services during the enrollment of the study. Setting Assessments and therapy sessions took place in university clinic room that was equipped with two child-sized tables, two child-sized chairs, and a toy shelf with a variety of age appropriate toys that were designed to promote play for children at a variety of developmental levels. Each session was videotaped for later scoring, with a video camera in view of the child and experimenter. Materials present at various points throughout the assessment were books, play sets such as a farm or school bus, puzzles, cars, simple cause-and-effect toys like a ball spinner or jack-in-the-box pop-up toys, shape sorters, blocks, etc. Assessment All participants were assessed using a part of the ESAT as described in part in MacDonald et al (2006). This direct observational assessment measures performance on several core developmental skillsShow MoreRelatedChildren With Autism Spectrum Disorder1502 Words   |  7 Pagesby a disorder that affects the very things we need to fit in to society. The ability to be able to fit in, communicate and behave in proper ways, allows us to function, work and survive in life. For many children and adults, they live with a disorder that dictates these behaviors and language skills to be very different from the average American. These skills they are challenged with, make it very difficult to live independently. The disorder these individuals live with is called Autism SpectrumRead MoreChildren With Autism Spectrum Disorder1125 Words   |  5 PagesIn the last decade, the rate of autism has experienced a dramatic increase (Gerber 1). There used to be a speculation of an apparent correlati on between the numbers of vaccines children receive and the increase of autism. A predominant controversy regarding vaccinations was whether or not one of the side effects of vaccines is Autism Spectrum Disorder. The probability of vaccines in children resulting in autism was challenged by various researchers from around the world has proven to be untrue (GerberRead MoreChildren With Autism Spectrum Disorder Essay2241 Words   |  9 PagesAbstract Siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder have received little Research attention historically, with most family studies focusing on either the child with the illness/disorder or the parents. More recently, research has identified that these children may need support in their own right, yet little published research is reported to inform this support. The aim of this systematic review was to identify the extent to which siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder facing psychosocialRead MoreChildren With Autism Spectrum Disorder993 Words   |  4 PagesNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Autism is defined as a spectrum disorder (ASD). It refers to a wide range of complex neurodevelopment conditions characterized by repetitive and distinctive patterns of behavior and difficulties with social skills, communication, and interaction. The symptoms start from early childhood and affect daily functioning. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ( CDC) approximates ASD’s prevalence as 1 in 68 children in the United States.  The DiagnosticRead MoreChildren With Autism Spectrum Disorder1796 Words   |  8 PagesParenting Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Doctors diagnose one in sixty-eight children with Autism Spectrum Disorder every day. Autism Spectrum Disorder is a developmental disorder that affects children’s social skills, communication skills, and their behavior. The symptoms of ASD range from moderate to severe and vary from each child. Raising typical children is difficult, but raising children with disabilities adds to the stress of parenting. There is a strain on parents who have children withRead MoreChildren With Autism Spectrum Disorder949 Words   |  4 PagesAutism Spectrum Disorder is a frightening diagnosis for most families that can bring with it fears of an uncertain future. Support for children with autism and their families is essential because it isn t something that children will just grow out of. It is a life-long condition, but the right treatment, support and care can create a positive outcome for everyone concerned. Diagnosis Early diagnosis is the most important thing you can do to help your child, as it is the first step in understandingRead MoreChildren With Autism Spectrum Disorder869 Words   |  4 Pageswith children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD) experiences more stress than the typical family without a children with ASD. A previous research study by Baker-Ericzen, Brookman-Frazee Stahmer(2005, p. 194) supports this statement, â€Å"Both parents of children with ASD report higher levels of both parent and child related stress juxtaposed with parents of typically developing toddlers†. In order to comprehend the information of the study, one must understand what autism spectrum disorder is. AutismRead MoreChildren With Autism Spectrum Disorder1493 Words   |  6 Pagestwo million individuals are affected by autism in the United States and it is one of the fastest growing disorders but with very much research being put behind it. Autism can tend to be one of the most confusing and stressful disorders but yet it is still able to be coped with lots of patience. Imagine being put down or not given an opportunity deserved because of something that is out of one’s control, more specifically children with autism spectrum disorder. Parents have a huge role in preparingRead MoreChildren With Autism Spectrum Disorder2302 Words   |  10 Pagesof all children. Children play for many reasons including learning, exercise, stimulation, and for pure entertainment. They are learning and exploring the world around them by testing out ideas and just having fun playing wit h simple objects. However, like language, play is a skill that develops in stages. As a child gradually learns to understand the world around him or her, they begin to play and learn by engaging in exploratory and manipulative play. This is no different for children withRead MoreChildren With Autism Spectrum Disorder853 Words   |  4 Pageswise) (Green, S., Davis, C., Karshmer, E., Marsh, P., Straight, B, 2005) Autism spectrum disorder pose greater threat to the family because of many reasons like the child with autism spectrum disorder is likely to be accompanied by disruptive antisocial behaviour. Second for the parents the process of make an accurate diagnosis and obtaining treatment is often a frustrating experience. Third after the diagnoses of the disorder the proper access to the services available for the child and family is

Domestic Violence A Part Of Culture - 1498 Words

To this day, domestic violence is seen to be a part of culture in many countries. Some people view domestic violence as unjust and cruel, yet many see it as a form of power and control over another. Domestic violence plays a key role in different societies around the world as it is becoming a social norm. Domestic violence frequently begins when one partner feels the need to control the other. This feeling is sprouted from several factors such as jealousy, low self-esteem, and difficulties in regulating one’s emotions and anger, or when one feels inferior because of his or her education or socioeconomic background (Goldsmith). Researchers state that men with tradition beliefs tend to think they have power over women and that they are inferior to men, which is followed by many stereotypes today. Stereotypes about the â€Å"proper† roles in society differ between men and women due to the cultural beliefs that men are superior which is evident in many family structures aro und the world. These stereotypes â€Å"reinforce the view that the family is a self-contained unit, deserving privacy at the expense of other rights and freedoms† (Minnesota Advocates for Human Rights). Traditionally, women are downgraded to inferior positions in this family structure; however, for victims of domestic violence, this idea of family privacy interferes with operative police involvement and prosecutorial decisions in domestic violence cases. In many countries, people who are interviewed report that theShow MoreRelatedConsequences of Popular Culture1060 Words   |  5 PagesConsequences of Popular Culture A Consequence can be defined as, Something that logically or naturally follows from an action or condition. In this matter we are referring to the consequences of Pop Culture towards violence. Violence in general has one meaning, an act of aggression. We will be examining three types of violence in our culture, Domestic violence, Youth violence, and of course Gun violence. We feel that all three of these types of violence have increased in today s society asRead MoreDomestic Violence : South Africa1709 Words   |  7 PagesDomestic Violence in South Africa Love is looked upon as a beautiful thing but within beauty lies darkness in South Africa. There is an unspoken violence against women going on within the communities of south Africa that is now coming to light; domestic violence. Husbands, not strangers or men with guns, are now the biggest threat to women in post-conflict South Africa, according to a report by the International Rescue Committee. Attacked beaten, abused, killed these are sometimes words to describeRead MoreThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On The United States1634 Words   |  7 Pageshuman culture provides us with a look into other cultures from an up-close and distinct perspective, which allows us to better understand their culture and way of life. Taking an objective look at another culture without being somewhat biased can be a difficult task. This being the case, we must examine culture by using emic and etic perspectives. An emic perspective is an insider views; observing the culture from within the culture it self. An etic perspective is an outsider’s view of a culture; evaluatingRead MoreDomestic Violence And Sexual Violence Essay1624 Words   |  7 PagesDomestic violence, also labeled as family violence and intimate-partner violence, is psychological, physical and sexual violence that takes place within home environment. Adults and children can both be victims. Domestic violence is a major human rights issue across the world, and one of New Zealand’s most serious social issues. One in three women in Aotearoa will experience an abusive relationship, with many more coming dangerously close. Reason Domestic violences occurs when the abuser wantingRead MoreThe Connection Between Culture And Violent Behavior1360 Words   |  6 PagesUnit 8 DB 1 Introduction Women all over the world tend to fall victims to domestic violence especially women from other cultures who now find themselves in a world where domestic violence is not ever excepted as the norm. This can cause issues with in the family unit, especially if the women, or girls decide to conform to the American ways. Some cultures allow for their women to be beaten, stone, or raped and the women are at a lost, because there is no help, but by reading the below articles oneRead MoreIntimate Partner Violence And Sexual Relationships1379 Words   |  6 PagesIntimate Partner Violence One of the biggest problems that have been happening in some households over the last numbers of years is intimate partner violence (IPV). IPV has been identified as a world-wide public health concern (Kulwicki and Miller, 1999). The term intimate partner violence has been defined as the physical, emotional, verbal, or sexual abuse between a person and their spouse, this includes cohabitation and marriage. This type of violence will usually involve harm/control from oneRead MoreThe Problem Of Domestic Violence860 Words   |  4 PagesThis research paper is design to help us understand how much of a problem that domestic violence is. This data used in this research was gather from numerous sources including journals, articles and a book. The purpose of using this data from the resources breakdown the components how the police culture and domestic violence operate on the same level on independence without any repercussions or interference the research also looks the responses of Honol ulu Police department and how its policies andRead MoreDomestic Violence : The United States Department Of Justice1741 Words   |  7 PagesDomestic violence is a single act or a pattern of cruel acts in any relationship that a partner uses to get or keep power and control over another partner. The violence can be sexual, physical, economic, emotional, or psychological actions or threats of actions that impacts another person. Any actions that manipulate, intimidate, isolate, humiliate, terrorize, frighten, threaten, coerce, hurt, blame, wound, or injure someone can be domestic violence (The United States Department of Justice). OtherRead MoreViolence Theory And Gender Role Theory942 Words   |  4 PagesThe violence that surrounds homes can be summarized in the culture of violence theory and gender-role theory. The culture of violence theory looks at the broad acceptance of violence in our society and concludes that its acceptance is the foundation for violence within the family. Gender-role theory blames the traditional socialization of children into gender roles. Domestic violence plays a huge part in which parent will have custody of minor children. The culture of violence that is presentedRead MoreThe Violence And Its Effects On The Lives Of Contemporary Native Generations Essay1400 Words   |  6 Pages At the center of Indigenous discourse lies the worrisome subject of suicide. Deeply embedded in Native culture, suicide has come to represent a reminder of a cruel past tainted by violent colonialism. Via inhumane assimilation practices colonialists both directly and indirectly scarred and continue to scar members of the Indigenous community. Trough post traumatic stress mechanism many trauma survivors have and continue to pass their traumatic experiences to subsequent generations. Unintentionally

Symbolism in English Literature Free Essays

string(31) " upright as a bolt Out of bow\." Archetypal figures present in Chaucer’s â€Å"The Miller’s Tale† By Jose Luis Guerrero Cervantes According to Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung, an archetype is a symbolic formula that begins to work wherever there are no conscious ideas present. They are innate universal psychic dispositions that form the substrate from which the basic themes of human life emerge[1]. The archetype is experienced in projections, powerful affect images, symbols, moods, and behavior patterns such as rituals, ceremonials and love. We will write a custom essay sample on Symbolism in English Literature or any similar topic only for you Order Now Jung[2] compared the archetype, the pre-formed tendency to create images, to a dry river bed. Rain gives form and direction to the flow, we name the river, but it is never a thing located in any place, it is a form but never the same, it is always changing but it is still a river. Following this analogy, the archetype would be the dry river bed that motivates and modifies our conscious understanding of ourselves and the world (the water of the river) from which emotions, attitudes and ideas arise. It is possible to track the use of archetypes in universal literature, according to Joseph Campbell[3], from the origins of human civilization. Archetypes help Chaucer to his main purpose when writing The Canterbury Tales: to reflect on the personal concerns and solutions of the evolving medieval society of his time. Characters with strong archetypal features has an automatically and unconsciously effect in the reader’s mind, allowing his mind to recognize experiences, emotions, and typical patterns of behavior, establishing a â€Å"dialog† or â€Å"unconscious link† between the reader and the text. The purpose of the present essay will be to identify such archetypal characters and situations and their impact in the reader’s psyche. [4] It is possible to recognize in Nicholas’ behavior elements that match with the archetype of the â€Å"Trickster†. In mythology, and in the study of folklore and religion, a trickster is a god, goddess, spirit, man, woman, or anthropomorphic animal that plays tricks or, otherwise, disobeys normal rules and conventional behavior[5]. In modern literature, the classical figure of the trickster survives as a character not necessarily supernatural or divine, but as a clever, mischievous man or creature, who tries to survive the dangers and challenges of the world using trickery and deceit as defense. For example, many typical fairy tales present kings who want to find the best man for his daughter by setting a trial to obtain the hand of his daughter. Brave knights are not able to overcome the trial until a poor and simple peasant comes. Armed only with his wits and cleverness, instead of fighting, he evades or fools the obstacles between him and the desired object. This way, the most unlikely candidate passes the trials and receives the reward. One example of this character in English Literature is Shakespeare’s Bassanio in The Merchant of Venice who, in order to marry Portia, must pass a trial set by Portia’s father. In this case, Nicholas is described similarly to this archetype: This lad was known as Nicholas the Gallant, And making love in secret was his talent, For he was very close and sly, and took Advantage of his meek and girlish look[6]. Nicholas is characterized as somebody whose main attributes are not physical strength or economic power, but cleverness in managing the weak points of people for his own benefit (expressed in the words â€Å"talent†, â€Å"sly†, â€Å"took advantage†) hidden under a humble figure (expressed in the word â€Å"meek†). Here it is possible to identify the breaking of conventional behavior that it is proper of the classical tradition when it is said that Nicholas makes love â€Å"in secret†. In addition, in order to gain Alison, he must figure out a trick, otherwise, both might die if caught together. Alison’s behavior, on the other hand, shows characteristics that matches with the â€Å"Anima† archetype developed at the level of â€Å"Eve†. The Anima and Animus, in Carl Jung’s school of analytical psychology, are the unconscious or true inner self of an individual, as opposed to the outer aspect of personality. In the unconscious part of men’s mind, it finds expression in a feminine inner personality. Anima, in contrast, is in the unconscious of women and it is expressed as a masculine inner personality. It can be identified as the totality of the unconscious feminine psychological qualities that a male possesses; or the masculine ones possessed by the female. The positive anima qualities of a man are tenderness, patience, consideration, kindness and compassion; then the negative anima qualities of a man are vanity, moodiness, bitchiness, and easily hurt feelings[7]. Jung believed anima development has four distinct levels, which he named Eve, Helen, Mary, and Sophia. Eve level is named for the Genesis account of Adam and Eve. It deals with the emergence of a male’s object of desire, yet simultaneously generalizes all females as evil and powerless. This means that when an object of desires arises, the archetype shows an opposite behavior from that she had shown previously[8]. In the preliminary description of Alison, Chaucer describes Alison (with ecstasy and accuracy) this way: She was a fair young wife, her body as slender As any weasel’s, and as soft and tender; She used to wear a girdle of striped silk; Her apron was as white as morning milk Over her loins, all gusseted and pleated. White was her smock; embroidery repeated Its pattern on the collar, front and back, Inside and out; it was of silk, and black. The tapes and ribbons of her milky mutch Were made to march her collar to a touch; She wore a broad silk fillet, rather high, And certainly she had a lecherous eye. And she had plucked her eyebrows into bows, Slenderly arched they were, and black as sloes; And a more truly blissful sight to see She as than blossom on a cherry-tree, [†¦] Her mouth was sweet as mead or honey –say A hoard of apples lying in the hay. Skittish she was, and jolly as a colt, Tall as a mast and upright as a bolt Out of bow. You read "Symbolism in English Literature" in category "Papers" [†¦] She was a daisy, O a lollypop For any nobleman to take to bed Or some good man of yeoman stock to wed. [9] Everything in her is lovely. Chaucer centers his attention on the physical description and little is said about her character. However, the adjectives â€Å"skittish†, â€Å"jolly†, â€Å"tall† and â€Å"upright† describe her as someone irreproachable in any sense. After she falls in love with Alison, all the marvelous image of Alison disappears when she decides to play a cruel joke to Absalon: Absalon started wiping his mounth dry. Dark was the night as pitch, as black as coal, And at the window out she put her hole, And Absalon, so fortune framed the farce, Put up his mouth and kissed her naked arse Most savorously before he knew of this. [10] As it can be observed, Alison’s attitude changes dramatically after meeting Nicholas (the object of desire). This desire unleashes those feelings that are the negative counterpart of the male â€Å"Animus†. â€Å"Eve† development of â€Å"Anima† helps to generalize all women as evil, and Alison attitude towards Absalon reinforces this belief. John represents the archetypal of â€Å"The Child† in the developed degree of â€Å"The abandoned†. In Jungian psychology, it refers to an instinctual pattern of thought or symbolic imagery derived from the past collective experience (Jung referred to this as â€Å"the collective unconscious†), and present in the individual unconscious. We were all children at one time and we can remember the freedom of being a child, the unconditional love we received from our parents, the spontaneous laughter, how we innocently accepted things as they were and let our imaginations run wild. All those experiences left a mark in the unconscious and arise under certain conditions. In this case, the condition is the fear of losing Alison what makes this feeling to arise[11]. The Abandoned (Orphaned) Child archetype can easily be seen in characters like Dorothy in the Wizard of Oz or Oliver in Oliver Twist. The fear of losing a caretaker and the feeling of vulnerability makes the character to proceed in a blind, precipitously way. Jealous he was and kept her in the cage, For he was old and she was wild and young; He thought himself quite likely to be stung. It is possible to notice here that John’s fear for losing Alison makes him to keep her out of the sight of the rest, â€Å"in the cage†. Nicholas takes advantage of this fear and uses it to deceive him in a childish way. ‘This world’ he said, ‘in just about and hour, Shall all be drowned, it’s such a hideous shower, And all mankind, with total loss of life’. The carpenter exclaimed, ‘Alas, my wife! My little Alison! Is she to drown? ’ And in his grief he very near fell down. As it was explained before, innocence is a mark of our childhood, and here innocence is incarnated by John. Absalon represents the archetype of the â€Å"Shadow†. In Jungian psychology, the shadow or â€Å"shadow aspect† is a part of the unconscious mind consisting of repressed weaknesses, shortcomings, and instincts. It is a link to the most primitive animal instincts, which are superseded during early childhood by the conscious mind. According to Jung, the shadow, in being instinctive and irrational, is prone to project: turning a personal inferiority into a perceived moral deficiency in someone else. It is the link to the most primitive animal instincts that are superseded during early childhood by the conscious mind, like the survival instinct. Absalon plans his vengeance for the cruel joke played on him and reacts in a even more violent way than his aggressors: Said Absalon, all set to make a launch, ‘Speak, pretty bird, I know not where thou art! ’ This Nicholas at once let fly a fart As loud as if it were a thunder-clap. He was near blinded by the blast, poor chap, But his iron was ready; with a thump He mote him in the middle of the rump. This way, Absalon fulfills his vengeance by recalling his most instinctive, irrational feelings. In the situations present in the tale it is also possible to identify two archetypal situations: â€Å"The Task† and â€Å"The love Triangle†. â€Å"The Task† is that situation in which a character is required to perform a task that will restore balance. It is commonly found n literature in the situations like to save a kingdom, to win the fair lady, the identification of the hero so he may reassume his rightful position, etc[12]. Examples of this archetypal situation in English literature are when Arthur pulls Excalibur from the stone or when Beowulf slays Grendel. In this case, the task set for Nicholas is to consume his union with Alison using his cleverness to deceive his husband who has her â€Å"in a cage†. The reader is not told about the plan, so the reader and the fooled characters go hand-in-hand in the discovery and the development of the plan, holding the attention of the reader. The â€Å"love triangle† works in a similar way than â€Å"The task†, however the task appeals to the â€Å"logos† of the reader, while the â€Å"love triangle† appeals to the â€Å"ethos†. In addition, â€Å"the love triangle† works as the counterpart of the â€Å"Requited Love†, which is used to enhance the nobler feelings of human nature: sacrifice, loyalty, friendship, fidelity, etc. The â€Å"love triangle† enhances rivalry, fight, deceit, infidelity, etc[13]. It is possible to observe how the love triangle made Nicholas to figure out an ingenious trick to have sex with the John’s wife (infidelity), the showing of the darkest side of pure Alison, the wrath of easygoing Absalon, and the showing of the dumbest side of John. It is possible to conclude, after all this analysis that â€Å"The Miller’s Tale†, as the whole Canterbury Tales, explores the nature of human being life and behavior of the people of his time, making the reader to do an introspective view of his own life. The characters of â€Å"The Miller’s tale† are very likely to common people, functioning as a mirror in which society can see itself. The empathy that Chaucer is able to establish between the characters, their situations and the readers is possible because he appeals to those universal characteristics that human beings seem to share beyond race, distance, culture and time. These pre-figured behavior, or archetype, causes an unconscious reaction on the reader, putting them in the same, Jung would say, â€Å"psychogenetic frequency†. Therefore, it possible to explain why the Canterbury Tales is a universal piece of work: because it will never lose validity. It appeals to values and characteristics that do not seem to change in time, since it is possible to identify them in the universal literature of all times. BIBLIOGRAPHY Brunel, Pierre. Companion to Literary Myths, Heroes and Archetypes. New York. Routledge. 1992. Chaucer, Geoffrey. The Canterbury Tales. Translated by Nevill Coghill. Penguin. London. Penguin. 2003. Franz, Marie-Louise von. Archetypal Patterns in Fairy Tales. Toronto. Inner City. 1997. Herz, Sarah K. , and Donald R. Gallo. From Hinton to Hamlet: Building Bridges Between Young Adult Literature and the Classics. 2nd ed. Westport. Greenwood. 2005. Holman, C. Hugh, and William Harmon. A Handbook to Literature. 6th ed. New York. Macmillan. 1992. Johnson, Terry D. , and Daphne R. Louis. Bringing It All Together. Portsmouth. Heinemann. 1997. Joseph Campbell. The hero with a thousand faces. California. New World Library. 2003. Jung, C. G. The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious. Princeton. Bollingen. 1981. Jung, C. G. â€Å"Phenomenology of the Self† in The Portable Jung. New York. Penguin. 1976. Stevens, Anthony. â€Å"The archetypes† in The Handbook of Jungian Psychology. Renos. Papadopoulos. 2006. ———————– [1] Anthony Stevens. â€Å"The archetypes† in The Handbook of Jungian Psychology. Renos. Papadopoulos. 2006. p. 20. [2] C. G. Jung, The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious. , Princeton. Bollingen. 1981. p. 9. [3] Joseph Campbell. The hero with a thousand faces. California. New World Library. 2003. p. 23. [4] C. G. Jung. â€Å"Phenomenology of the Self† in The Portable Jung. New York. Penguin. 1976. p. 147 [5] C. G. Jung. Op. cit. p. 18 [6]Geoffrey Chaucer. The Canterbury Tales. Translated by Nevill Coghill. Penguin. London: Penguin. 2003. p. 89. [7] C. G. Jung. Op. cit. 19. [8]. Idem. p. 20. [9] Geoffrey Chaucer. Op. cit. 90. [10] Ibid. p. 103. [11] C. G. Jung. Op. cit. p. 29. [12] Marie-Louise von Franz. Archetypal Patterns in Fairy Tales. Toronto: Inner City, 1997. p. 107. [13] Ibid. p. 89. How to cite Symbolism in English Literature, Papers

Origin Energy Climate Change Economics

Question: Discuss about theOrigin Energy forClimate Change Economics. Answer: Introduction: The climate change is an issue which is shaping the government policy regulations in most of the countries. The government of Australia had imposed a carbon tax before 2012 which had a short-term effect on the heavy polluters of Australia. The Direct Action Plan introduced by the Coalition government of the country has increased the competition among the companies by cutting their emission levels. According to Nyberg, Spicer and Wright (2013), these organizations are looking more for renewable energies in order to reduce greenhouse gas emission. This increases the importance of companies like Origin Energy who are producing renewable energy and related product and services. The report regards to the effects of the government policies on the organization, its risks and opportunities in the climate changing scenario, and the strategies which can help the organization to flourish. About the Sector: MacCallum, Byrne and Steele (2014), stated that the renewable energy sector of Australia is a substitute for non-renewable energy sources of the country. The objective of this sector is to protect the natural resources which are scarce and reduce pollution caused by the energy consumption incorporates the consumption of electricity, fuels for transport, and thermal energy. The total renewable energy consumed by the citizens of Australia in 2015 is 5.9 percent of the country's total energy consumption. It is 1.6 percent greater than 2011-12 levels. 61.1 percent of the country's renewable energy consumption comes from bioenergy. As stated by Gurran, Norman, and Hamin (2013), the countrys authorities have encouraged renewable energy by introducing energy policies. The main concern of these policies is to address climate changes, energy independence, and a stimulus for the economy. The sector gets its revised target of producing renewable energy from the prescribed policies of the government. The industry consists many large and small scale renewable energy suppliers devoted to the mission given by the government. The government of Australia is looking for more private and public sector investments in this industry with the objective of making renewable energy the primary source of energy. Appropriation of efficient techniques to reduce greenhouse gasses has been made mandatory by the government to reduce the impacts of climate change. Impact of Climate Change on Origin Energy: According to Fnfgeld and McEvoy (2014), the impact of climate change is havoc on the world. Climate change is causing a rise in sea level, increasing risks in the food chain, and much more harmful impacts on the planet. There exists a negative correlation between the climate change and common well being of most of the world. In the case of the Origin Energy, the predicted impacts of climate change are causing increased demand for the company's products. The present usage of nonrenewable energy is reducing the supply for future needs. This aspect is increasing the demand for renewable energy sources, of which Origin Energy is a huge name in Australia. According to Webb (2015), climate changes will increase the usage of electricity and other energy resources. Accompanied by the increasing demand and decreasing supply of energy the need for Origin Energy will rise rapidly. The climate change in the form of increasing temperature, precipitation, and sea level rise will inversely affect t he general health, agriculture, forests, and water resources. Al these impacts affect the Origin Energy in a positive way by increasing the demand for the goods and services produced by it. Differences Between Carbon Tax and Direct Action Plan and their effect on Origin Energy: According to Jotzo (2012), the Carbon tax is commonly known as the carbon pricing in Australia was introduced in 2011 and was implemented in the year 2012. It was proposed by the Gillard Labor Government as the Clean Energy Act. It was revoked in the year 2014. Due to the short existence, the organizations operating in Australia took it in an informal manner. The act was backed by minimum investment due to this short period. Hence, it can be concluded that the impact of the carbon tax was lesser than it was expected. The main objective of this Act was to ensure that the emission of greenhouse gasses, such as carbon dioxide had to be purchased from the government regarding carbon units by the organizations in order to operate in the Australian market. The aim of the regulation was to reduce greenhouse gas emission in the country by 5 percent by the year 2020 and below 80 percent by the year 2050. As stated by Head et al. (2012), it was believed that this rule would increase efficiency in the companies which are heavy greenhouse gas emitters. The act was applied to the industrial sector at the prime stage. The transport and agricultural sector were not under this act. As stated by Robson (2014), the coalition government of Australia has replaced the Labor Governments Carbon Tax policy with their Direct Action Plan. The fund for emission reduction is budgeted to cost $3 billion over four years. The common target of both the plans is to reduce the emission of the greenhouse gas to 5 percent below 2000, by the year 2020. While the carbon tax policy made the polluters pay for the amount of pollution they create, the Direct Action Plan makes the organization compete to win tenders which will provide them payments for undertaking emission reduction projects. The process is like a reverse auction, where the organizations undercut each other to win the tenders. The auctions take pace quarterly. According to the government of Australia, this is the most efficient way to reduce emissions. The projects given by the organizations have to follow two ground rules set by the government, the emission reductions must be additional measures and not just business-as -usual, the reduction estimates must be credible and verified. The projects costing the least will be considered by the government. In the case of not reaching the targets set by the government, the funds will not get in the future. The achievements will b compared to other countries. The industry of renewable energy has a new target set by the Direct Action Plan of reaching 20 percent by the year 2020. The Labor Party of Australia has supported the target. The government also created a fund to give solar panel rebates to low-income households. According to Martin and Rice (2012), due to the short existence of Carbon Tax Act, the impact of it on the renewable sector as a whole was insignificant. The informal behavior by the polluters had almost no effects on the sector and the organization. On the other hand, the Direct Action Plan has created a competition among the polluters by giving them an incentive to compete in reducing their emissions to win the tenders. This increases the demand for renewable energy sources and products. As a result, the demand for the products and services of Origin Energy increases. The increase in demand for these products and services are directly related to the degree of competition among the polluters, which is fierce due to the government policy regulations. Hence, it can be concluded that the Direct Action Plan is more significant in increasing the demand for renewable energy and related products and reducing emissions. Identification of Risks and Opportunities for Origin Energy: Risks: The organization Origin Energy identifies all the risks related to people, assets, financial objectives, reputation, customers, and the environment. With the degrading situation of the environment and change in climate the health issues has increased rapidly threatening the people of Australia (OriginEnergy 2016). This is counted as a risk by the organization as it affects the customer domain of it. Any blow to the people of the country has a negative impact on the asset situation of the organization. The degradation of natural resources also adversely affects the organization making it a risk factor. Being an organization running on profits, the financial aspects of the company is a concern to its board members. The objective of the company being, helping a social cause, the financial stability is a vital issue for the company. As stated by Freeman and Hancock (2016), the climate change has the potential to harm the financial interests of the organization. The reputation of the orga nization lies in the hand of the company's employees and helping the government in achieving its environmental goals. The Australian government not being able to meet the targets even with the help of Origin Energy is a risk for the reputation of the company. The customers' demographic of the company is changing over time. With the government's new inclusive programs more people are able to afford the services of Origin Energy. A sudden discontinuation of the government subsidy can affect the customer domain of the company which will, in turn, affect the financial status. Opportunities: According to Strengers (2012), energy has many scopes and opportunities to increase its business all over the country, as the laws and regulations are currently for the renewable energy sector. The company can increase its opportunities by increasing the general awareness of the energy situation in Australia. The consumers of the organization's products have the benefits in the form of rebates given by the government, which also adds value to the company's opportunities. With the rising change in the climate of the world and drying up non-renewable energy sources, the demand for the products of Origin Energy is increasing rapidly. Ekstrm (2015), the company has to use this situation for the benefit of the company. The company can either follow a profit maximization policy or a revenue maximization policy. Profit maximization is possible in the given situation, but it incorporates ethical issues. It leaves Origin Energy with the ethical and beneficial choice of revenue maximization th is in turn, also helps the needs of the environment of the country. Strategies for Origin Energy: Origin Energy has to follow revenue maximization policies to ensure ethical and beneficial production process. This will help the company to edge the rival companies. By producing more and reaching to more customers, the company can increase its market share. With the constant changes in the environment and the technology, the company can use the upgraded technology in the production process to increase efficiency and quality of the products and services. The company can implement the strategy of research and development. Investing in research and development will ensure better answers for the existing problems within and outside the organization. The company can hold some awareness programs on climate change and energy resources in order to educate the consumers and potential clients. The need of the organizations products can increase with increasing awareness among people (Reser et al. 2012). The company can make deals with the government of Australia to help the government reach its goals. This can ensure the company getting help from the government. The organization has the potential of updating its business model to ensure more growth. This phenomenon will help the organization to sustain in the long run. Improvement in the business model with keeping in mind the requirements of the governments laws for the environment will increase the companys market share in Australia (Burton 2014). Origin Energy can use its resources to produce variety kinds of products targeting specific consumers from the different geographical background. This strategy will help the company to expand (Arif, Oo and Ali 2013). Making deals for signing in new subsidiaries will reduce the cost of production for the organization. This way the Origin Energy can increase the quantity and quality of its products. Conclusion: With the rapid climate change, the need for organizations creating products and services which help to reduce the use of non-renewable energy is increasing. This increase is followed by several policy measures taken by the government of Australia. The Origin Energy is one of the big names in the renewable energy sector of Australia. The carbon tax act implemented by the Labor Government of Australia had no significant effect on the Origin Energy as the polluters took it more informally due to its short existence. On the other hand, the Direct Plan Action has started a competition among the emitters giving an incentive for reducing their emission. This helps the renewable sector where the Origin Energy operates by increasing the demand for their products and services. References: Arif, M.T., Oo, A.M. and Ali, A.B.M., 2013. Investigation of energy storage systems, its advantage and requirement in various locations in Australia. Journal of Renewable Energy, 2013. Burton, P.A., 2014. Policy responses to climate change in Australia: contestation, complexity and uncertainty. Ekstrm, M., 2015. Central Slopes Cluster Report, Climate Change in Australia Projections for Australias Natural Resource Management Regions: Cluster Reports, eds. Ekstrm, M. et al. Freeman, J. and Hancock, L., 2016. Energy and Communication Infrastructure for Disaster Resilience in Rural and Regional Australia. Regional Studies, pp.1-13. Fnfgeld, H. and McEvoy, D., 2014. Frame divergence in climate change adaptation policy: insights from Australian local government planning. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, 32(4), pp.603-622. Gurran, N., Norman, B. and Hamin, E., 2013. Climate change adaptation in coastal Australia: an audit of planning practice. Ocean coastal management, 86, pp.100-109. Head, L., Adams, M., McGregor, H.V. and Toole, S., 2014. Climate change and Australia. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, 5(2), pp.175-197. Jotzo, F., 2012. Australia's carbon price. Nature Climate Change, 2(7), pp.475-476. MacCallum, D., Byrne, J. and Steele, W., 2014. Whither justice? An analysis of local climate change responses from South East Queensland, Australia. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, 32(1), pp.70-92. Martin, N.J. and Rice, J.L., 2012. Developing renewable energy supply in Queensland, Australia: A study of the barriers, targets, policies and actions. Renewable Energy, 44, pp.119-127. Nyberg, D., Spicer, A. and Wright, C., 2013. Incorporating citizens: corporate political engagement with climate change in Australia. Organization, 20(3), pp.433-453. OriginEnergy, 2016. About Origin - Origin Energy. [online] Originenergy.com.au. Available at: https://www.originenergy.com.au/about.html [Accessed 31 Oct. 2016]. Reser, J.P., Bradley, G.L., Glendon, A.I., Ellul, M.C. and Callaghan, R., 2012. Public risk perceptions, understandings and responses to climate change in Australia and Great Britain. Gold Coast, Qld: Griffith Climate Change Response Adaptation Facility. Robson, A., 2014. Australia's carbon tax: An economic evaluation. Economic Affairs, 34(1), pp.35-45. Strengers, Y., 2012. Peak electricity demand and social practice theories: Reframing the role of change agents in the energy sector. Energy Policy, 44, pp.226-234. Webb, R., 2015. Bringing Climate Action Down Under: The Politics of Climate Change in Australia. KBH Energy Center Blog.

Western Civilization Humanism an Example of the Topic Psychology Essays by

Western Civilization Humanism The 1500s was an age defined by enlightenment and exploration. From Columbus, to Copernicus, to Michelangelo and Erasmus, all were great thinkers, artists and explorers who pushed the boundaries of human achievement and redefined our world in irrevocable ways. That the sixteenth century should be the period of the Renaissance or rebirth is not by accident. Man, after several hundred years of hibernation during the Middle Age, was ready for a renewal of spiritual and creative energies. Thus, this period in Western Civilization was marked by extraordinary advancements in the Arts and Sciences, achievements that would not have been possible without the resurgence of Humanism. Need essay sample on "Western Civilization Humanism" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed It might be said the Renaissance was the ultimate expression of Humanism, after the classical Greek civilization. While to most of us, Renaissance was defined by artistic heights, historians consider the Renaissance as a turning point, the period that marks the beginning of Modern History. After hundreds of years of stagnation, the world underwent upheavals that are rooted in the Renaissance principles of Humanism, or the principles of freedom and self-expression and the emphasis on human values and the return to classical learning. (Kristeller, 1990, p. 3) The Renaissance as inspired by the values of Humanism, upon liberating human though created a domino effect that made the Reformation and all the succeeding events thereafter possible. After all, you cannot make the colors disappear to one who has seen the light. Truth, once known, is a point of no return. As Burckhardt once said, Culture, as soon as it freed itself from the fantastic bonds of the Middle Ages needed a guide, and f ound one in the ancient civilization Both the form and the substance of this culture were adopted with admiring gratitude (1990, p. 123) So what exactly is Humanism? Norman refers to Humanism as a celebration of the qualities that make us human, perhaps also with the suggestion that recognizing these qualities can inspire us to use them to the full. (2004, 1) The ideals of humanism are firmly rooted on the magnificent accomplishments of ancient Greece and Rome. Humanists believe that Greek and Roman civilization defined the heights of human accomplishment, especially in terms of intellectual prowess, and as such, modern people can learn a lot by going back to that time. Humanism as a branch of academics focused on the study of the liberal arts such as Latin and Greek, philosophy, ethics, rhetoric, poetry, and history. The return to classical literature led The broad concept of Humanism makes it difficult to pigeonhole or define. The fact that Humanism is all about the search for truth makes the concept as elusive as truth itself. In this regard, because Humanism rejects blind adherence to an ideology or principle, and as such, supports scientific thinking. Similarly, Humanism argues that truth can only be arrived with consistent reasoning and constant desire to explore and discover. It proclaims that we are individually capable of going beyond our conceived limitations and achieve self-determination and self-actualization. Humanists believe that man is capable of choosing his destiny and determining the course of his own life. Wherever that journey takes us, whether to greatness or some other kind of life, is something that is entirely up to us and the choices that we make along the way. References: Burckhardt, Jacob. The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy. Trans by S. G. C. Middlemore. Contributor Peter Burke & Peter Murray. Penguin Classics. 1990. p. 123. Humanism: Beliefs and Practices By Jeaneane D. Fowler Published 1999 Sussex Academic Press Kristeller, Paul Oskar. Renaissance Thought and the Arts: Collected Essays. Princeton University. 1990. p. 3. Norman, R. (2004). On Humanism. Routledge

Allied Invasion of Sicily in World War II

Allied Invasion of Sicily in World War II Conflict: Operation Husky was the Allied landings on Sicily in July 1943.Dates: Allied troops landed on July 9, 1943, and officially secured the island on August 17, 1943.Commanders Armies:Allies (The United States Great Britain)General Dwight D. EisenhowerGeneral Sir Harold AlexanderLieutenant General George S. PattonGeneral Sir Bernard MontgomeryAdmiral Sir Andrew CunninghamVice Admiral Sir Bertram Ramsay160,000 troopsAxis (Germany Italy)General Alfredo GuzzoniField Marshall Albert Kesselring405,000 troops Background In January 1943, British and American leaders met at Casablanca to discuss operations for after Axis forces had been driven from North Africa. During the meetings, the British lobbied in favor of invading either Sicily or Sardinia as they believed either could lead to the fall of Benito Mussolinis government as well as could encourage Turkey to join the Allies. Though the American delegation, led by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, was initially reluctant to continue an advance in the Mediterranean, it conceded to British wishes to move forward in the region as both sides concluded that it would not be feasible to conduct landings in France that year and capture of Sicily would reduce Allied shipping losses to Axis aircraft.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Dubbed Operation Husky, General Dwight D. Eisenhower was given overall command with British General Sir Harold Alexander designated as the ground commander. Supporting Alexander would be naval forces led by Admiral of the Fleet Andrew Cunningham and the air forces would be overseen by Air Chief Marshal Arthur Tedder. The principle troops for the assault were the US 7th Army under Lieutenant General George S. Patton and the British Eighth Army under General Sir Bernard Montgomery. The Allied Plan Initial planning for the operation suffered as the commanders involved were still conducting active operations in Tunisia.  In May, Eisenhower finally approved a plan which called for Allied forces to be landed in the southeastern corner of the island.  This would see Pattons 7th Army come ashore in the Gulf of Gela while Montgomerys men landed further east on both sides of Cape Passero. A gap of around 25 miles would initially separate the two beachheads. Once ashore, Alexander intended to consolidate along a line between Licata and Catania before conducting an offensive north to Santo Stefano with the intention of splitting the island in two. Pattons assault would be supported by the US 82nd Airborne Division which would be dropped behind Gela before the landings.   The Campaign On the night of July 9/10, Allied airborne units began landing, while American and British ground forces came ashore three hours later in the Gulf of Gela and south of Syracuse respectively. Difficult weather and organizational miscues hampered both sets of landings. As the defenders had not planned on conducting a pitched battle on the beaches, these issues did not damage the Allies chances for success. The Allied advance initially suffered from a lack of coordination between US and British forces as Montgomery pushed northeast towards the strategic port of Messina and Patton pushed north and west. Visiting the island on July 12, Field Marshall Albert Kesselring concluded that their Italian allies were poorly supporting German forces. As a result, he recommended that reinforcements be sent to Sicily and the western side of the island be abandoned.  German troops were further ordered to delay the Allied advance while a defensive line was prepared in front of Mount Etna.  This was to extend south from the north coast towards Troina before turning east. Pressing up the east coast, Montgomery attacked towards Catania while also pushing through Vizzini in the mountains. In both cases, the British met strong opposition. As Montgomerys army began to get bogged down, Alexander ordered the Americans to shift east and protect the British left flank. Seeking a more important role for his men, Patton sent a reconnaissance in force towards the islands capital, Palermo. When Alexander radioed the Americans to stop their advance, Patton claimed the orders were garbled in transmission and pushed on to take the city. The fall of Palermo helped spur Mussolinis overthrow in Rome. With Patton in position on the north coast, Alexander ordered a two-prong assault on Messina, hoping to take the city before Axis forces could evacuate the island. Driving hard, Patton entered the city on August 17, a few hours after the last Axis troops departed and a few hours before Montgomery. Results In the fighting on Sicily, the Allies suffered 23,934 casualties while Axis forces incurred 29,000 and 140,000 captured.  The fall of Palermo led to the collapse of Benito Mussolinis government in Rome. The successful campaign taught the Allies valuable lessons that were utilized the following year on D-Day.  Allied forces continued their campaign in the Mediterranean in September when landings commenced on the Italian mainland.

Employment Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Employment Relations - Essay Example (Taylor & Bain, 2005) In Australia, the legislation change further decentralised employee relations systems to provide employers considerable power in their ability to dismiss employees and to promote individual contracts without the protection of awards and collective agreements. There is an increase at the international level for employers using contractual employees and require longer working hours in their quest of labour flexibility. There is an assumption that labor markets are not purely competitive, and when you compare this assumption to the mainstream economic theory, employers have more negotiating power than employees do. It is also assumed that there are natural conflicts between employers and employees, for example, high profits without increase in wages could cause conflicts hence conflicts are viewed as a vital part of the employment relationship. Since labor markets are seen as imperfect and employment relationships include conflicts of interest, workers cannot depen d on markets or their superiors to protect their rights, and in extreme cases to prevent worker exploitation. Therefore, institutions need support in the endeavor to protect rights of workers. Narrow Focus In many organizations, an issue that arises out of industrial relations is a narrow focus by the employees of the organization. Employees or staff members may view tasks at hand as duties they have to perform to complete their job rather than viewing how the role the employee plays benefits the organization as a whole. Many employees simply see their managers as someone who tells them what to do rather than as a facilitator that can help them achieve their own professional goals as well as bring the company to a point where it achieves the goals of the business. Inflexibility of Employer An inflexible employer stifles the employees’ creativity and when employees feel as if their creativity is being stifled or that their opinions do not matter, it can cause rivalry between t he employees and management of the organization. When creativity is squashed, it causes the company to lack in innovation, which ultimately leads to incompetence of the company in the marketplace. Employers that allow employees to participate in running the company by allowing suggestions and feedback from the employees and even empowering employees to take on more responsibility for the route the business takes, typically enjoys a more successful employment relations environment. Thus, the poor pay package of employees at Rio Tinto and its inflexibility as an employer has adverse effects on its employment relations (Hannan, 2011). Division Another issue that directly relates to employment relations environment is an â€Å"us against them† attitude in terms of Rio Tinto and its employees. Employees have the notion that there is a great segregation between them and the management or their superiors in the workplace. This division between the two groups of a business has caused a lot of issues such as contract negotiation problems, strikes and the required intervention of trade and labor unions. When management and employees can relate and communicate with each other, they easily solve their problems, such as not being able to negotiate work contract

How successful has Putin been in protecting Russias security, Essay

How successful has Putin been in protecting Russias security, maintaining its influence and creating an international climate favourable for its economic devel - Essay Example We talk about the nature of policy which the Russian government has put forward and which talks about two key issues. Firstly it tries to look at Russia’s response to the events of 9/11 and it talks whether it was a turning point in their development of policies and secondly the paper addresses whether the foreign policy put forward by Putin is pragmatic in nature. September 11 2001 changed the face of world politics as so was Russia’s policies with other countries. During the time of Yeltsin and even the pre 9/11 reign of Putin the foreign policies was strikingly different of what it was portrayed after 9/11. There were signals of friendship and protests at the same time. Protests over expansion of NATO and military action in Balkans showcase the stance of Russian policy. After 9/11 the scenario completely changed, terrorism has become the highest priority for all the western nations and Russia was no exception, Moscow subway bombings and Terror tragedy at Beslan confirmed the priority levels which Russia has for terrorism. After 9/11 happened it was Putin who first contacted Washington and thereafter it was ensured that contact with Washington remained at good level. When we compare the policies post 9/11 and before it we can see some marked changes in it. We can say that Moscow under Yeltsin was more of action than words. The 1997 and 1999 incidents of Bosnia led to the confirmation of fact that Russia under Yeltsin has self limiting quality. On the other hand Putin followed a cautious policy which did no good for the country as there was no clear orientations of the plan and that people were confused about his policies structure and its nature. But the events post September brought out a change in his style and approach towards west in general and USA in particular. His policy of cooperation can be said as the changes taking place in the international environment. Russia support to America on global

In what ways has the post-Cold War economic globalization expose Essay

In what ways has the post-Cold War economic globalization expose workers, consumers and countries to new insecurities and how can the risks associated with process be managed - Essay Example The Cold War, after all, albeit essentially a geopolitical divide spawned a great economic divide between two blocs that characterised the world set up since the end of the World War II until the late 1980s. Since the divide did not confine itself between the then two superpowers but spread throughout Europe, Asia Africa and Latin America the ensuing economic split was extensive and thorough throughout the globe. Economic competition was all-consuming between the two blocs and the trade between them and their allies was virtually reduced to barter and countertrade. Internal trade within each bloc however, grew during the Cold War as represented by such pacts and agreements as the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) or the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) for the US bloc and the Council of Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON) for the Soviet bloc (Aldonas 2009 29-30). With the end of the Cold War, economic changes far and wide ensued. Gone were the restrictions and barriers that characterized the economic and trade relations between countries belonging to the respective Soviet and US blocs. More significantly, it freed up the economic resources that were previously used to fund the excessive manufacture of weapons and armaments on both sides. Trade liberalisation unfettered by ideological constraints brought China’s entry into the World Trade Organisation (WTO) and saw the latter’s rise and emergence, along with India, as the new economic superpowers. The new economic freedom facilitated world economic growth that reached a new height in 2004 at 3.8 per cent, an economic development that exemplified the rapid economic growth that outpaced that of the last three decades combined (Aldonas 2009 29). Yet, along with the unprecedented rapid economic growth, the unification of the world market or globalisation in the post-Cold War

Virtual Supermarket Technology: Advantages and Disadvantages

Virtual Supermarket Technology: Advantages and Disadvantages Advantages of Hybermarket Technology Virtual subway Store Virtual subway stores makes shopping easier and saves time. For the point of make shopping easier and simple is customers can scan the barcode from any product they have at hand to place an order for one. It is easier for the customer to reorder food and office supplies that ran out of them, instead of having to remember to put it on a list, for a future trip to the store. The customer can get the product by setting the delivery time and location when they make the payment. Retailer set retail kiosks with life-size images of real product displays, placed in high-traffic areas like subway stations, which will be attacking the customer while they are waiting around. Its serving as an advertisement for the retailer. However, it can also save lots of money for the retailer, which they would have been spending open a real store. Card Scanning Technology Card scanning technology is more secure. This simple technology has increased the level of card security. It uses encryption and authentication technology which has increased the level of card security associated with payment cards. The microprocessor chip embedded at the heart of the smart card requires contact to the card reader and certain areas of the chip can be programmed for specific industries. Next, save to transport. Having the cards gives the holder the ability to carry larger amounts of money. It can reduce the problem of stolen money. Once cards had been stolen, it is nearly impossible to recover it because it needs the pin number of the cards. It can avoid the long queue. Card scanning technology just needs a few seconds to complete the payment, it gives the customer a fast and simple shopping experience. Intelligent retail and purchases Advantage of intelligent retail and purchase is it help customer found the stuff faster and easier. This type of technology include the location of each stuff, after customer key in the stuff system will come out the location that the stuff placed, can give the route to the stuff. Next, customer can list the stuff that they want before they go to the hypermarket. It is a good habit of plan before shopping. It can avoid buying the stuff that not really wants. Besides that, the technology of intelligent retail and purchase will show that the promotion of the hypermarket. It can attract the customer to visit the hypermarket and able to help the customer to find out the latest promotion product. Last but not least, intelligent retail and purchase can also give the suggestion or notification of promotion of customer favorable. The system of the technology had record the purchase of the customer, so system can depend of the previous purchases then come out the suggestion. Touch Screen Purchasing Advantage of touch screen purchasing is fast and simple purchasing. This technology only need the customer to stay in front of the touch screen kiosk of the hypermarket, key in the name of the product, select the brand of item that they want, after that customer can get the product after they pay. It can save the time of searching for item placed and the difference price of the similar product. Customer can get the information though the touch screen kiosk. Technology of touch screen purchasing is very easy to use. Customer only need to key in the stuff that they want, after that kiosk will come out the information of the product. No any personal device needed, so it’s also easily for everyone to use the technology. Disadvantages of Hypermarket Technology Disadvantage of virtual subway store is may late delivery. In the concept of virtual subway store, delivery places an important role. Customer will get the product by using delivery. If the delivery company suddenly comes out issue, for example weather, personal factor and so on, it will affect the time of deliver. Next, virtual shopping mode might elevate the case of returning product. Since customer does not seem the actual product that they will get, it is unable to make sure that the product is in good conditions before they purchase. Additional fees like shipping will be hidden until the late of the checkout process was a disadvantage of virtual subway mode. Sometimes retailer was hidden the cost of shipping fees, in order to get more attractive of customer. When the customer almost finishes the order they only get that they need to pay the shipping fees as well. The disadvantage of card scanning technology is easily lost. Because of the card are small, it is easily lost the card if the person are irresponsible. If lost the card, it will be very inconvenience, because a card may have double or more uses. The process of register another card it take many procedure, it is very trouble to the user. Next, Possible Risk of Identify Theft. While if use the card collect, it make the job of bearing person more easier. However, for criminals seeking a new identity, they are like gold, based on the amount of information it can contain on an individual. Unnecessary Surveys will be provided after shopping is the disadvantage of the intelligent retail and purchases. Due to the system of this technology, the survey will be provided before customer go out. Retailer always seeks for improvement for their business in order to maintain the customer, and find out the way that increase loyalty customer. Next, intelligent retail and purchase are too dependent on mobile device. Hypermarket can only use the mobile device to connect the hypermarket system connection. It required the customer have the mobile devices and also application to connect with the hypermarket system. While for those who are not match to the system connection they are unable to use the technology. Disadvantage of touch screen purchasing is low privacy. Customer personal information may be seems by large screen kiosk. When customer stands in front of the kiosk making purchase, someone maybe stand behind them, so that they will saw the personal information of the customer. Lost the delight of shopping. Some of customers’ is more likely to enjoy searching the product, touch and feel the product. So when the hypermarket become advance, customer do not have the delight of shopping. For touch screen purchasing, its also need customer go out to the hypermarket to buy the stuff themselves. It just provides the kiosk to select the product to save the customer time for find the stuff placed. Implementation challenges The main challenge of many retailer is retailer have to implement technology into existing stores to become multichannel. Such as smart screens, in-store tablets and the use of near-field communications (NCF) for contactless payments. Besides that, implementation challenge by using virtual subway store is good mobile connective is required. The order takes by virtual subway mode by using mobile to scan the barcode of the product. But in real life, there is no all people are practiced with the mobile function. Implementation challenge of card scanning technology is slow adoption. If used as a payment card, not every store or restaurant will have the hardware necessary to use these cards. One of the reasons for this is since the technology is more secure, it is also more expensive to produce and use. Therefore, some stores may charge a basic minimum fee for using smart cards for payment, rather than cash. The challenge of intelligent retailer and purchase is not everyone have mobile device. It is very hard for the hypermarket to implement this system while some of the customer does not have the mobile devices or application. In order to set up the system, it needs the accurate data. The data have to been set at the factory, and it was costly. Touch Screen purchasing implementation challenge is set up cost. Hypermarket need to set up lot of touch screen kiosk at the hypermarket. The cost of set up kiosk is expensive. This type of technology is only save the place of display of the product. Its also need to keep the inventory of all the product that they sell. The inventory costs are high for this technology. Security Issues For the secure issue, customer should always look for the address-bar padlock symbol. Look for the address-bar padlock symbol. A webpage should always be  Secure Sockets Layer  (SSL)-encrypted when plan to use credit card information to shop. SSL encryption ensures privacy by restricting the computers that can access the data being transferred, limiting access to user and the online retailer exclusively. Next, never give out credit card number over email. Legitimate retailers will never ask for credit card information or other sensitive personal details over email. The only time that needs to give the information of credit card is when you are on an SSL-encrypted webpage operated by a trusted retailer. If shopping on a mobile device, stick to apps you know. Mobile shopping presents its own set of security issues, it is better for us to use apps that came directly from retailers, and to make purchases inside those apps. Lastly, never make purchases over public, for example unsecured WIFI. It could leave your personal information at risk. Integrating security practices across agencies, a task requiring collaboration among separate and dissimilar internal organizations; achieving smart card interoperability across the government; and maintaining the security of smart card systems and the privacy of personal information. According to Worku (2010), e-payment and e-banking applications represent a security challenge as they highly depend on  critical ICT systems that create vulnerabilities in financial institutions, businesses and potentially  harm customers Customer information is set in the mobile, so when they lost the mobile, personal information will be disclosed. Next, the system of the technology is having the data of customer purchases record. They can simply send the annoying promotion message to the customer and also sell the customer purchase record to the other industry. Customer personal information display in the touch screen kiosk. Interest parties will easily to get the information for immoral purpose. It is very danger for the customer. Beside that customer should know their right. Consumers are required to write a physical letter within 60 days detailing any complaint to the retailer, with a return receipt acting as proof that the creditor received the letter. The Federal Trade Commission provides an example letter, so all you need to do is fill in the blanks with your information.

Geothermal Energy: A General Overview with Specific Reference to the Long Valley Caldera :: Energy Geothermal Papers

Geothermal Energy: A General Overview with Specific Reference to the Long Valley Caldera Introduction Geothermal energy is a process that uses heated groundwater to turn turbines that produce electricity. The water is warmed by the earth's natural heat. Geothermal energy was first developed by Count Lardarel of Lardarello, Tuscany in 1827 (Geothermal.marin). Since then many other countries have developed geothermal technology, yet it is a resource that remains mostly untapped. As the need to find alternative fuel sources grows, geothermal energy becomes an interesting option for potential future energy production. Geothermal energy production involves a complex set of issues. First it is important to place geothermal energy in context of today's energy needs. Currently, one of the ongoing dilemmas of energy use is the worldwide allocation of resources and general rate of consumption. Within this essay, I will illustrate a brief history of energy use and development. Geothermal energy can only be produced in particular geological settings. Only areas with recent volcanic activity can produce the heat needed for geothermal production. Therefore, a basic understanding of tectonic plate movement and volcanology is required to understand the production of geothermal energy. I intend to give a general background on the geological settings necessary for the production of geothermal energy production. Lastly, I will center on one region in particular, namely the Long Valley Caldera in California. This is an area that is saturated with historical and present volcanic activity. The recent volcanic activity makes it an area that is perfect for geothermal energy production. I will discuss in particular the Mammoth Pacific plant that operates in Mammoth Lakes. What is Geothermal Energy? The production of geothermal energy is a way of utilizing heat that is created by volcanic activity to produce electricity. Within a geothermal system, ground water is heated by magma chambers to temperatures as high as 450 degrees Fahrenheit. However, the temperature of the water depends on the geothermal gradient. A gradient signifies how deep below the surface the heated water is. The deeper down the water is in the earth, the hotter it will be (this is called a steep geothermal gradient). The water either reaches the surface of the earth naturally in the form of geysers, fumaroles, or hot springs; or it must be drilled.

Analysis †Mein Kampf Essay

Hitler’s contemporaries – Baldwin, Chamberlain, Herbert Hoover – seem pathetically fusty figures, with their frock coats and wing collars, closer to the world of Edison, Carnegie and the hansom cab than to the first fully evolved modern societies over which they presided, areas of national consciousness formed by mass-produced newspapers and consumer goods, advertising and tele-communications. By comparison Hitler is completely up-to-date, and would be equally at home in the sixties (and probably even more so in the seventies) as in the twenties. The whole apparatus of the Nazi super-state, its nightmare uniforms and propaganda, seems weirdly turned-on, providing just that element of manifest insanity to which we all respond in the H-Bomb or Viet Nam – perhaps one reason why the American and Russian space programmes have failed to catch our imaginations is that this quality of explicit psychopathology is missing. Certainly, Nazi society seems strangely prophetic of our own – the same maximising of violence and sensation, the same alphabets of unreason and the fictionalising of experience. Goebbels in his diaries remarks that he and the Nazi leaders had merely done in the realm of reality what Dostoevski had done in fiction. Interestingly, both Goebbels and Mussolini had written novels, in the days before they were able to get to grips with their real subject matter – one wonders if they would have bothered now, with the fiction waiting to be manipulated all around them. Hitler’s ‘novel’, Mein Kampf (Hutchinson, 1939) was written in 1924, nearly a decade before he came to power, but is a remarkably accurate prospectus of his intentions, not so much in terms of finite political and social aims as of the precise psychology he intended to impose on the German people and its European vassals. For this reason alone it is one of the most important books of the 20th century, and well worth reprinting, despite the grisly pleasures its anti-semitic ravings will give to the present generation of racists. How far does Hitler the man come through the pages of this book? In the newsreels Hitler tends to appear in two roles – one, the demagogic orator, ranting away in a state apparently close to neurotic hysteria, and two, a benevolent and slightly eccentric kapellmeister sentimentally reviewing his SS bodyguard, or beaming down at a picked chorus of blond-haired German infants. Both these strands are present in Mein Kampf – the hectoring, rhetorical style, shaking with hate and violence, interspersed with passages of deep sentimentality as the author rhapsodises to himself about the mystical beauty of the German landscape and its noble, simple-hearted peoples. Apart from its autobiographical sections, the discovery by a small Austrian boy of his ‘Germanism’, Mein Kampf contains three principal elements, the foundation stones, walls and pediment of a remarkably strong paranoid structure. First, there are Hitler’s views on history and race, a quasi-biological system which under-pins the whole basis of his political thought and explains almost every action he ever committed. Second, there are his views on the strict practicalities of politics and the seizure of power, methods of political organisation and propaganda. Third, there are his views on the political future of the united Germanies, its expansionist foreign policy and general attitude to the world around it. The overall tone of Mein Kampf can be seen from Hitler’s original title for the testament: A Four and a Half Years Struggle Against Lies, Stupidity and Cowardice: A Reckoning with the Destroyers of the Nazi Party Movement. It was the publisher, Max Amann, who suggested the shorter and far less revealing Mein Kampf, and what a sigh he must have breathed when Hitler agreed. Hitler’s own title would have been far too much of a giveaway, reminding the readers of the real sources of Hitler’s anti-semitic and racialist notions. Reading Hitler’s paranoid rantings against the Jews, one is constantly struck by the biological rather than political basis of his entire thought and personality. His revulsion against the Jews was physical, like his reaction against any peoples, such as the Slavs and Negroes, whose physique, posture, morphology and pigmentation alerted some screaming switchboard of insecurity within his own mind. What is interesting is the language in which he chose to describe these obsessions – primarily faecal, one assumes, from his endless preoccupa-tion with ‘cleanliness’. Rather than use economic, social or political arguments against the Jews, Hitler concentrated almost solely on this inflated biological rhetoric. By dispensing with any need to rationalise his prejudices, he was able to tap an area of far deeper unease and uncertainty, and one more-over which his followers would never care to expose too fully to the light of day. In the unanswerable logic of psychopathology, the Jews became the scapegoats for all the terrors of toilet-training and weaning. The constant repetition of the words ‘filth’, ‘vileness’, ‘abscess’, ‘hostile’, ‘shudder’, endlessly reinforce these long- repressed feelings of guilt and desire. In passing, it is curious to notice that Hitler’s biological interpretations of history have a number of striking resemblances to those of Desmond Morris. In both writers one finds the same reliance on the analogy of the lower mammals, on a few basic formulas of behaviour such as ‘struggle’, ‘competition’, ‘defence of territory’. There is the same simple schematic view of social relationships, the same highly generalised assertions about human behaviour that are presented as proven facts. Hitler talks without definition of ‘lower races’ in the same way that Morris refers to ‘primitive societies’ and ‘simple communities’. Both are writing for half-educated people whose ideas about biology and history come from popular newspaper and encyclopaedia articles, and whose interest in these subjects is a barely transparent cover for uneasy fantasies about their own bodies and emotions. In this preface, the translator of Mein Kampf describes it as written in the style of a self-educated modern South German with a talent for oratory. In this respect Hitler was one of the rightful inheritors of the 20th century – the epitome of the half-educated man. Wandering about the streets of Vienna shortly before the first World War, his head full of vague artistic yearnings and clap-trap picked up from popular magazines, whom does he most closely resemble? Above all, Leopold Bloom, his ostensible arch-enemy, wandering around Joyce’s Dublin at about the same time, his head filled with the same clap-trap and the same yearnings. Both are the children of the reference library and the self-improvement manual, of mass newspapers creating a new vocabulary of violence and sensation. Hitler was the half-educated psychopath inheriting the lavish communications systems of the 20th century. Forty years after his first abortive seizure of power he was followed by another unhappy misfit, Lee Harvey Oswald, in whose Historic Diary we see the same attempt by the half-educated to grapple with the information overflow that threatened to drown him.

Plane Crash-Case Study

Plane Crash-Case Study Plane Crash-Case StudyThree of my closest friends and I take off from San Juan, Puerto Rico, heading for a down island on a flight expected to last 1.5 hours. The commuter plane is propeller powered and seats 8. The pilot keeps us informed during the trip. The pilot tells us that a tropical storm made an unforeseen shift in our direction and may interfere with the flight path. The pilot then decides to adjust for the storm. One hour into the flight a localized storm develops. Lightening hits the plane and partially disables it. The pilot attempts an emergency landing.My friends and I wake up to the following scenario: We were physically okay, and on the beach of a small island. The plane, partially submerged offshore, is incapacitated both mechanically and electrically. The pilot and co-pilot are dead. The small island we are on is about a mile from a larger landmass across the water.San Juan, Puerto RicoThe island we are on contains vegetation.Other than being a bit shaken up, we we re in a panic state of mind. I decided it was time for me to take charge of the situation. I reminded everyone that last we heard a tropical storm was heading in our direction. We all then realized that we needed to come up with a plan of what we needed to do to survive until we can get rescued.We knew that when the lightening had hit the plane the pilot never sent a "mayday". He was too busy trying to control the aircraft and the co-pilot was knocked unconscious from the shock. Right away an idea came to mind while I was brainstorming. I knew one of my friends was very good with electronics so we needed to attempt to get the radio...

Free Essays on Animal Farm

George Orwell’s Animal Farm expressed the idea that a utopia, such as communism, cannot work. The animals in this story were supposed to represent the leaders and the people of Russia. The pigs represented the government who said everything was for the good of the people, but they really just wanted to be the absolute leaders of the country. Boxer was a strong horse on Animal Farm. He represented all of the common people. He was considered to be unintelligent and easily controlled. He often said, â€Å"I will work harder.† This showed that he cared for the other animals. He wanted them to have a good life. He also said, â€Å"Napoleon is always right,† which showed that he was submissive to power and could be outsmarted very easily. Like Boxer, the people of Russia wanted a better life. They thought that working harder and always obeying the leaders was right. They were easily controlled and didn’t realize their own power. Napoleon was a pig on Animal Farm who was the dictator. He drove out Snowball, then took over as the leader. Napoleon took the ideas of Snowball that he said were bad, then used them himself saying that they were his ideas in the first place. Napoleon represented Stalin who took over Russia with great force. He said that the Russian society could be better, but the people had to work harder than ever for it. It ended up that the people were not working for their greater good, but for the good of their leaders. On Animal Farm, Napoleon won the animals’ favor with Squealer to help him. Squealer told the other animals that Napoleon was always working on ways to help the animals when he was actually only thinking of the pigs. The idea of a utopia sounds positive, but is one that can’t work. There will always be a Napoleon who wants power and a Boxer who is submissive and stupid enough to follow the abusive leaders.... Free Essays on Animal Farm Free Essays on Animal Farm George Orwell’s Animal Farm expressed the idea that a utopia, such as communism, cannot work. The animals in this story were supposed to represent the leaders and the people of Russia. The pigs represented the government who said everything was for the good of the people, but they really just wanted to be the absolute leaders of the country. Boxer was a strong horse on Animal Farm. He represented all of the common people. He was considered to be unintelligent and easily controlled. He often said, â€Å"I will work harder.† This showed that he cared for the other animals. He wanted them to have a good life. He also said, â€Å"Napoleon is always right,† which showed that he was submissive to power and could be outsmarted very easily. Like Boxer, the people of Russia wanted a better life. They thought that working harder and always obeying the leaders was right. They were easily controlled and didn’t realize their own power. Napoleon was a pig on Animal Farm who was the dictator. He drove out Snowball, then took over as the leader. Napoleon took the ideas of Snowball that he said were bad, then used them himself saying that they were his ideas in the first place. Napoleon represented Stalin who took over Russia with great force. He said that the Russian society could be better, but the people had to work harder than ever for it. It ended up that the people were not working for their greater good, but for the good of their leaders. On Animal Farm, Napoleon won the animals’ favor with Squealer to help him. Squealer told the other animals that Napoleon was always working on ways to help the animals when he was actually only thinking of the pigs. The idea of a utopia sounds positive, but is one that can’t work. There will always be a Napoleon who wants power and a Boxer who is submissive and stupid enough to follow the abusive leaders.... Free Essays on Animal Farm One night when Farmer Jones has gone to bed drunk, all the animals of Manor Farm assemble in the barn for a meeting. Old Major, the prize pig, wants to tell them about a strange dream he had. First, he tells them in clear, powerful language "the nature of life" as he has come to understand it. Animals toil, suffer, get barely enough to eat; as soon as they are no longer useful, they are slaughtered. And why? Because animals are enslaved by Man, "the only creature that consumes without producing." There is only one solution: Man must be removed. And animals must be perfectly united for their common goal: Rebellion. After a brief interruption caused by the dogs chasing after some rats and a vote proposed by Major to decide if rats are comrades (they are), Major sums up: All animals are friends, Man is the enemy. Animals must avoid Man's habits: no houses, beds, clothes, alcohol, money, trade. Above all, "we are brothers. No animal must ever kill any other animal. All animals are equal." He cannot describe his dream to them, "a dream of the earth as it will be when Man has vanished." But he does teach them an old animal song, "Beasts of England," which came back to him in his dream. The repeated singing of this revolutionary song throws the animals into a frenzy. Major dies soon after, but the animals feel they should prepare for the Rebellion he preached. The work of teaching and organizing the others falls on the pigs, thought to be the cleverest animals. Snowball and Napoleon are "pre-eminent among the pigs"; and then there is Squealer, "a brilliant talker." Mr. Jones drinks and neglects his farm more and more. One evening, when he has forgotten to feed them for over a day, the animals break into the store-shed and begin helping themselves. Jones and his men charge in, lashing with their whips. This is more than the hungry animals can bear. They all fling themselves on their tormentors. The surprised and frightened men are drive... Free Essays on Animal Farm George Orwell’s Animal Farm takes place on a farm somewhere in England. An all-knowing narrator in the third person tells the story. The action of this novel starts when the oldest pig on the farm, Old Major, calls all animals to a secret meeting. He tells them about his dream of a revolution against the cruel Mr. Jones. Three days later Major dies, but the speech gives the more intelligent animals a new outlook on life. The pigs, which are considered the most intelligent animals, instruct the other ones. During the period of preparation, two pigs differentiate themselves, Napoleon and Snowball. Napoleon is big, and although he isn't a good speaker, he can contend himself. Snowball is a better speaker, he has a lot of ideas and he is very dramatic. Together with another pig called Squealer, who is a very good speaker, they work out the theory of "Animalism". The rebellion starts some months later, when Mr. Jones comes home drunk one night, and forgets to feed the animals. They break out of the barns and run to the house where the food is stored. When Mr. Jones recognizes this he takes out his shotgun, but it is to late for him, all the animals fall over him and drive him off the farm. The animals destroy all whips, nose rings, reins, and all other instruments that have been used to restrain them. The same day the animals celebrate their victory with an extra portion of food. The pigs make up the seven commandments, and they write them above the door of the big barn. They read as follows: 1. Whatever goes upon two legs is an enemy. 2. Whatever goes upon four legs, or has wings is a friend. 3. No animal shall wear clothes. 4. No animal shall sleep in a bed. 5. No animal shall drink alcohol. 6. No animal shall kill another animal. 7. All animals are equal. These commandments are summarized in the simple phrase: "Four legs good, two legs bad". After some time Mr. Jones comes back with some other men to take... Free Essays on Animal Farm In the novel Animal Farm, George Orwell uses farm animals to create the conflict between Marxist Socialism and Russian Communism. Orwell uses these actual historical events to create his novel but reorganizes them to fit his plot. Manor farm symbolizes Russia, Mr. Jones is the Czar of Russia, and the pigs are the Bolsheviks. In addition, the humans represent the working class, and the animals are the workers and the peasants. The main characters in Animal Farm are Old Major, Napoleon, Boxer and Squealer. Old Major is an inspired, boar who provides the political philosophy on which Animal Farm is established. His philosophy of Animalism is a mixture of Marx and Lenin. He shows the animals how their lives are miserable and confined under the cruelty of Farmer Jones and inspires them to revolt. He wants to establish a utopian society on the farm, and in result, he wants the animals to live happily in equality and freedom. However, his dreams are not concrete and he never has a plan for achievement. At the end of the first chapter, Old Major dies right before the rebellion just as Lenin did in the Russian Revolution. In result, his skull is dug up and is paid weekly tributes to by the animals for a period of time. This could also be symbolic for Lenin’s body. In reality, Stalin and Trotski argue over power after Lenin’s death, which Orwell imitates in Napoleon and Snowball. Snowball is a pig who is a competitor for leadership on the farm. He is livelier, quicker in speech, and more creative than Napoleon. He is also much more concerned about the welfare of all the animals. He proves that he is a good thinker, and planner. He plans the 'Battle of Cowshed' in advance, and fights bravely. He is then acclaimed a hero after his victory. In reality, this battle represents the civil war that followed the Russian Revolution. Mr. Jones is helped by his neighbors, just as some western countries sent troops to help the Russian forces. Snowba... Free Essays on Animal Farm George Orwell’s, Animal Farm, was written to illustrate the events of the Marxist Revolution of 1917. He wrote this book during the time of the German attack against Russia. During this time, a popular belief that the Soviet Union was an honorable country concerned Orwell. He was fearful that they would forget the past, so in order to jog their memories he wrote Animal Farm. The animals in the story portrayed humans during the Marxist Revolution of 1917. It was very evident that the actions associated with the characters in the story were those of their human counterparts. Snowball clearly depicted Leon Trotsky in Animal Farm, through Snowball’s actions, Trotsky’s factual history, and a comparison of the two characters will justify the thesis. Snowball was the most sympathetic animal that could be leader of the animal farm. He had the ability to lead as well as the passion for the betterment of Animal Farm. He believed in Old Major’s vision and wanted to help make it a reality. For example, in Chapter III after the harvest, under Snowball’s leadership the animals held meetings on Sunday’s to plan for the next week’s work and to discuss any decisions previously made (Orwell pg. 43). This example shows how Snowball was more inclined to work toward improving the Animal Farm, rather than just looking out for himself like Napoleon and the pigs. Snowball is genuine in his leadership to the extent that he organized reading and writing classes, so all the animals could make informed decisions when they voted or were part of the committee meetings (Orwell, pg 45). Snowball was not only sympathetic to the needs of the animals to improve their lives, but he also understood the strategies of war. In Chapte r IV when the pigeons had delivered word that there was a mob of humans ready to attack Animal Farm, Snowball knew just how to handle the situation (Orwell, pg 55). Without Snowball’s leadership the animals may not have survived ... Free Essays on Animal Farm Summary of Animal Farm Animal Farm takes place on an English farm named Manor Farm, owned by Mr. Jones. The story is about the rebellion of the farm animals, and is told from their point of view. The story begins with Mr. Jones stumbling into bed, unable to lock up the farm because of his drinking. Old Major, the well-respected boar, has called all the animals together for a meeting to take place after Mr. Jones has gone to bed. They all gather outside the big barn on the farm. Old Major tells them all that he had a dream last night, in which he saw his death, and also understood more clearly the life of animals. He wants to share his thoughts to the rest of the animals while he still can. Old Major points out to the animals that the cause of their miserable lives is the cause of Man, who is a lazy, incompetent creature who uses the animals for their labor. Just for his own benefit. Old Major describes his vision of an England where animals could live in peaceful and have coexistence with each other, free from the cruel Man. He encourages the animals to band together to defeat their enemy, and teaches them all "Beasts of England," the song which becomes their rebellion song and battle song. The animals are greatly moved by Old Major's speech, and like the rebellion idea, singing "Beasts of England" until Mr. Jones is awakened from his sleep and fires a shot into the air, quieting the animals to sleep. Three days later, Old Major dies and is buried. His revolutionary belief lives on, and the animals begin to conjure up revolutionary ideas with which they will overthrow Mr. Jones. Two of the pigs, Snowball and Napoleon, emerge as the leaders of the animals. Another pig named Squealer is also prominent for his persuasive speaking ability. These three pigs create a government and name it "Animalism," and begin teaching it to the rest of the animals, often simplifying and slowly reasoning with the less-intelligent animals such as the... Free Essays on Animal Farm Animal Farm, By George Orwell George Orwell's Novella â€Å"Animal Farm† tells us, the surface tale of an animal rebellion, a wish to find their utopia and to live as one peacefully, however in reality â€Å"Animal Farm† is a story surrounded by deceit, deception, uneducated masses and the eventual down fall of what was hoped to be the epitomize of happiness for the down trodden workers of Manor Farm. Their idealism was betrayed and replaced by a web of lies to keep the down trodden down and pigs in power. Throughout the novel there is a consistent dark undertone to the story, often focused around the working animals and their trampled hopes and dreams for the original â€Å"Animal Farm† this mainly occurs at the start of the novel where the idea of â€Å"Animal Farm† is first brought to light. The animals put all the beliefs and ideas towards the construction of their utopia in which all animals are equal, and the ever impending threat of humans, their most hated enemy, would be erased. â€Å"This single farm of ours would support a dozen horses, twenty cows, hundreds of sheep- and all of them living in a comfort and dignity that are now almost beyond our imagining..† Their idealism is quickly betrayed and the novels fleeting tone of inspiration, hope and excitement, is quickly replaced with a dark and disturbing tale of deception and deceit, where no longer every animal is equal, but rather, some animals are more equal then others. Animal Farm looks at the ideals of communism and how little more than a person working simply to their own agenda can destroy, what could have been, â€Å"Animal Farm† The propaganda and brainwashing of the animals throughout the novel is done so subtly that it's not until you put down the book, do you realize the extent to which they had been betrayed by the pigs in power. Many of the animals had lived through the rebellion and upon reflection of the poor conditions Animal Farm was in, not an animal coul... Free Essays on Animal Farm This novel takes place at a farm, which its name is Manor Farm, who’s owned by Mr. Jones. He a drunk that never really took care of his animals. There was a Boar that lived on the farm his name was Old Major. He is twelve years old, had lately grown rather stout, majestic- looking pig, tushes never been cut, and wise and benevolent appearance. He sets up a meeting to discuss an important matter that happened to him the night before. The discussion to place at night after Mr. Jones was asleep. In a barn is where all the animals had gather to listen to Old Major speech. Three dogs, a cat, pigeons, hens, pigs, cows, sheep’s, two horses named Clover, mother that never got her figure back after her fourth foal, the other named boxer, enormous beast, strong as two horses put together, white stripe down his nose, not very intelligent, respected for steadiness of character and tremendous powers of work, Muriel the goat, and Benjamin the donkey, the oldest animal on the farm and also the worst tempered. Topics of the meeting were that they do all the labor and get nothing back. Also says men are evil and that the animals should never adjust to their lifestyle. That is live in a house, sleep in bed, were clothes, drink alcohol, smoke tobacco, touch money, or engage in trade. An animal must not kill another animal. Last one was all animal are equal. All the animals agreed. This was his dream and the men were vanished. There was a song that he had forgot in from when he was little, but the dream reminded him the song. He sang the song that is called Beast of England. Eventually everyone knew the song. Then they went to sleep. Three nights later Old Major pasted away. It’s now early March and a lot of secret activity has been happening for the past three months. They would have meetings after Mr. Jones was a sleep and ended the meeting with the song Beast of England. There were three pigs that elaborated Old Majors theory. They a... Free Essays on Animal Farm ANIMAL FARM by George Orwell George Orwell's novel Animal Farm does an excellent job of drawing parallels from the situation leading up to the Russian Revolution of 1917. Animal Farm is a satire that uses its characters to symbolize leaders of the Russian Revolution. The animals of "Manor Farm", the setting of this novel, which symbolizes Russia, overthrow their human master after years of mistreatment. Led by the pigs, the farm animals continue to do their work, only with more pride, knowing that they are working for themselves, as opposed to working for their human master, Farmer Jones. Slowly over time the pigs gain power and take advantage of the other animals. They gain so much power that they become just as power hungry and corrupt as their human master. The theme in the novel being that in every society there are leaders who will, if given the chance, likely abuse their position. Old Major is a prize white boar who helps point out to the animals that no animal in England is free. He continues to tell the animals that the their labor is stolen by man, who benefits alone. The animals in return get near nothing, just enough to keep them away from starvation. Old Major gave many speeches to the farm animals about hope and the future. He is the main animal who got the rebellion started even though he died before it actually began. Old Major's role compares to Lenin and Marx whose ideas would spark the communist revolution. Lenin became the leader and teacher of the working class in Russia, and their determination to struggle against capitalism. Like Old Major, Lenin and Marx wrote essays and gave speeches to the working class poor. The working class in Russia, as compared with the barnyard animals in Animal Farm, were a laboring class of people that received low wages for their work. Old major tells the animals that the source of the problem is man, they must overthrow man to abolish tyranny and hunger. Soon Old Major does die, but ... Free Essays on Animal Farm Major Essay â€Å"Animal Farm† By: The Man Animal Farm by George Orwell served as an allegory for the Russian Revolution of 1917. â€Å"Manor Farm† (which is later re-named â€Å"Animal Farm†) represented Russia during the Russian Revolution. The surrounding farms in the novel can be compared to countries surrounding Russia. In this novel the animals are trying to overthrow the humans after years of being mistreated. The animals, led by the pigs, decide to start a revolution. Slowly over time the animals gained power. The pigs in this novel end up taking advantage of the other animals. This was much like the Russian leaders during The Russian Revolution. Many characters in this book symbolized Russian leaders from the Russian Revolution. Mr. Jones was like Czar Nicholas, Old Major was compared to Vladimir Lenin, Snowball was similar to Leon Trotsky, and Napoleon was reminiscent of Joseph Stalin. Mr. Jones is similar to the Russian leader Czar Nicholas who treated his people similar to how Farmer Jones treated his animals. The animal rebellion on the farm was started because Mr. Jones never took care of the animals. He always treated the animals unfairly. The animals became sick of Mr. Jones and they rebelled against him and defeated him at the Battle of Cowshed. This is like Czar Nicholas, who treated his people similar to how Farmer Jones treated his animals. The Czar made his people very mad with the way he used his power. Finally his people rebelled against him, imprisoned him, and he was eventually killed during the Civil War in Russia. Mr. Jones eventually died also, but it was not due to a war, it was due to him not taking care of himself. Old Major was a boar who helped point out to the animals that no animal in England was treated properly. Old Major gave many speeches and taught songs to the farm animals about hope for the future. Old Major explained to all of the animals in one of his speeches: Man is... Free Essays on Animal Farm "Twelve voices were shouting in anger and they were all alike. No question, now what had happened to the faces of the pigs the creatures outside looked from pigs to man and from man to pig and to man again but already it was impossible to tell which is which." Animal Farm by George Orwell is an entertaining story of allegory of the early history of the Soviet Union. This book describes the problems of communism as it was attempted in Russia during the 20th century. Before 1991 the Communist ideology and the Soviet Union were a major threat to the Western Democracies. In Animal Farm Orwell demonstrated the moral bankruptcy of the Russian Communist system also. Orwell intended to criticize the communist regime he saw sweeping through Russia and spreading to Europe and even the United States. Though he agreed with many Marxist principles, Orwell was unable to accept the communist interpretation of socialism because he saw many similarities between the communist governments and the previous czarist regimes in old Russia. Communism, he thought, was inherently hypocritical. In his self-proclaimed "fairy-story,"Orwell uses his allegorical farm to symbolize the communist system. Though the original intention of overthrowing Mr. Jones (who represents the Czars), is not inherently evil in itself, Napoleon*s subsequent adoption of nearly all of Mr. Jones* principles and harsh mistreatment of the animals proves to the reader that indeed communism is not equality, but just another form of inequality. The pigs and dogs take most of the power for themselves, thinking that they are the best administrators of government. Eventually the power corrupts them, and they turn on their fellow animals, eliminating competitors through propaganda and bloodshed. This is of course a reference to Stalin, who murdered many of his own people in order to maintain his dictatorship of Russia. Thanks in part to Animal Farm, much of the Western wo... Free Essays on Animal Farm Animal Farm: Russian Communism Portrayed Through Character The novel Animal Farm, by George Orwell, is an allegory portraying the dangers of a totalitarian government. It seeks to show how a society where all live completely equal has not been, and cannot be achieved. Orwell, through the use of the character Squealer, shows how propaganda can affect members of a communist society in a negative way. By drawing parallels to events in communist Russia, Orwell’s Animal Farm illustrates how propaganda was used to control the Soviet people by deceiving them, threatening them and keeping them ignorant in an attempt to maintain order. The story uses simple language to explain and expose the corruption of communist Russia. Throughout the story, Orwell uses Squealer to illustrate how propaganda persuaded and victimized Russian citizens. Squealer is a sly, crafty pig who is not only intelligent, but a manipulative speaker as well. His cunning is key to the deception of the other animals. In chapter three, Squealer deceives the animals of the farm for the first time. The animals find out that the milk and apples are given solely to the pigs, and Squealer is sent to explain the uneven distribution of farm resources. â€Å"‘Comrades’ he cried. ‘You do not imagine, I hope, that we pigs are doing this in a spirit of selfishness and privilege?’† (Orwell 42) He goes on to explain, â€Å"‘Milk and apples (this has been proved by science, comrades) contain substances absolutely necessary to the well-being of a pig. We pigs are brainworkers (42). Here, Squealer tries to convince the animals that it’s for health reasons that they take the apples and milk, but he tries to persuade them in other ways as well. Squealer continues, â€Å"‘the whole management and organization of this farm depend on us†¦. It is for your sake that we drink that milk and eat those apples’† (42). Finally, he convinces them with fear. â€Å"‘Do you... Free Essays on Animal Farm Animal Farm vs. Marxism Characters, items, and events found in George Orwells book, Animal Farm, can be compared to similar characters, items, and events found in Marxism and the 1917 Russian Revolution. This comparison will be shown by using the symbolism that is in the book with similarities found in the Russian Revolution. Old Major was a prized-boar that belonged to Farmer Jones. The fact that Old Major is himself a boar was to signify that radical change and revolution are, themselves, boring in the eyes of the proletariat (represented by the other barnyard animals), who are more prone to worrying about work and survival in their everyday life. Old Major gave many speeches to the farm animals about hope and the future. He is the main animal who got the rebellion started even though he died before it actually began. Old Major’s role compares to Lenin and Marx whose ideas were to lead to the communist revolution. Animal Farm is a criticism of Karl Marx, as well as a novel perpetuating his convictions of democratic Socialism. (Zwerdling, 20). Lenin became leader and teacher of the working class in Russia, and their determination to struggle against capitalism. Like Old Major, Lenin and Marx wrote essays and gave speeches to the working class poor. The working class in Russia, as compared with the barnyard animals in Animal Farm, were a laboring class of people that received low wages for their work. Like the animals in the farm yard, the people is Russia thought there would be no oppression in a new society because the working class people (or animals) would own all the riches and hold all the power. (Golubeva and Gellerstein 168). Another character represented in the book is Farmer Jones. He represents the symbol of the Czar Nicholas in Russia who treated his people like Farmer Jones treated his animals. The animal rebellion o... Free Essays on Animal Farm Animal Farm This amazing book was written by George Orwell, whose real name is Eric Blair, and it is about the lives of farm animals that rebel against humans. The animals live on Manor Farm and are owned by Mr. Jones, who always seems to be drunk in this book. The leader of the animals was an old pig named Old Major who one day had a dream about being free from the oppression of man. One evening, Old Major assembled the animals of Manor Farm and talked to them about how they live hard, short lives in slavery to the humans and that they should rebel and become free. Old Major got the idea from a song that came to him in a dream. The song talked about how the animals should be free one day. No one knew when the rebellion that Old Major talked about would happen, especially after Old Major died three days after the meeting. The pigs, which were the smartest of the animals, picked the two most pre-eminent pigs to assume the leadership role that Old Major left. The two pigs names were Snowball and Napoleon. These two pigs got together and organized all of Old Major’s thoughts into a system called Animalism. This was taught at night during secret meetings that were held in the big barn and the animals slowly learned it. Then one midsummer’s eve, the animals rebelled against Mr. Jones and his men because they had not been fed the whole day. This was not a planned attack, but the animals succeeded and kicked Mr. Jones and his men out. The animals were free. The next morning the animals set up rules, The Seven Commandments, and changed the name of the farm from Manor Farm to Animal Farm. Then the animals went out in the field to gather the hay and did it more quickly than Jones and his men ever did. It was also the biggest harvest they had ever seen because there was absolutely no waste. The animals heard that Jones might return and try to recapture the farm, so the animals started preparing for an attack. Then one day th... Free Essays on Animal Farm Animal Farm is set on an English farm named Manor Farm, owned by Mr. Jones. The fable-like story concerns the rebellion of the farm animals, and is told entirely from their point of view. The story opens with Mr. Jones stumbling into bed, unable to lock up the farm properly after a night of excessive whisky drinking. Old Major, the venerable and well-respected pig, has called all the animals together for a meeting to take place after Mr. Jones has gone to bed, and they gather outside the big barn on the farm. Old Major tells them all that he had a miraculous dream last night, in which he saw his approaching death, and also understood more clearly the life of animals. He wants to impart his realizations to the rest of the animals while he still can, as well as rouse them to take the action that he has come to feel is necessary. Old Major points out to the animals that the cause of their miserable existences is the tyranny of Man, who is a lazy, incompetent creature who steals the fruits of animals' labor for his own benefit. Old Major describes his vision of an England where animals could live in peaceful and plentiful coexistence with each other, free from the cruel tyranny of Man. He exhorts the animals to band together to defeat their common enemy, and teaches them all "Beasts of England," the song which becomes their revolutionary anthem and battle cry. The animals are greatly moved by Old Major's speech, and rally around the rebellion idea, singing "Beasts of England" until Mr. Jones is roused from his sleep and fires a shot into the air, quieting the animals to sleep. Three days later, Old Major dies and is buried. His revolutionary fervor lives on, and the animals begin to flesh in the revolutionary ideology with which they will overthrow Mr. Jones. Two of the pigs, Snowball and Napoleon, emerge as the leaders of the animals. Another pig named Squealer is also prominent for his persuasive speaking ability...